Myers` Psychology for AP®, 2e
... = a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their selfinterest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. ...
... = a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their selfinterest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. ...
here
... corresponding to specific structural or chemical changes in the human brain at which cruelty became possible. It also expands the range of specifically human behaviors of which cruelty may reasonably be predicated. As with any other term whose meaning is modified for used in a scientific vocabulary, ...
... corresponding to specific structural or chemical changes in the human brain at which cruelty became possible. It also expands the range of specifically human behaviors of which cruelty may reasonably be predicated. As with any other term whose meaning is modified for used in a scientific vocabulary, ...
POSITIVE DEVIANCE: A CLASSIFICATORY MODEL Druann Maria
... winners. Interestingly, while altruism has been primarily researched by psychologists in the modern era, Auguste Comte (1966) was the first social scientist to use and analyze the concept. Altruism involves an act undertaken voluntarily to assist another person or other people without any expectatio ...
... winners. Interestingly, while altruism has been primarily researched by psychologists in the modern era, Auguste Comte (1966) was the first social scientist to use and analyze the concept. Altruism involves an act undertaken voluntarily to assist another person or other people without any expectatio ...
Finding Happiness in Wisdom and Compassion – The Real
... levels of happiness than both Japan and Taiwan ( e.g. Hamilton, 2003, Inglehart, 1990). Further caution is called for when one appreciates that the weak positive relationship that has been established breaks down after a certain level of development, with economic capacity beyond that point bringing ...
... levels of happiness than both Japan and Taiwan ( e.g. Hamilton, 2003, Inglehart, 1990). Further caution is called for when one appreciates that the weak positive relationship that has been established breaks down after a certain level of development, with economic capacity beyond that point bringing ...
Mean or green
... For example, acting on altruistic and biospheric values is more likely when people receive information on why someone should engage in specific pro-environmental actions. Informational strategies can be aimed at increasing actors’ awareness of environmental problems, their knowledge of the environme ...
... For example, acting on altruistic and biospheric values is more likely when people receive information on why someone should engage in specific pro-environmental actions. Informational strategies can be aimed at increasing actors’ awareness of environmental problems, their knowledge of the environme ...
Introduction
... (a) Criticism: the harm that good people suffer is in fact not compensated by one’s inner goodness iii) Plato’s second answer: God will reward or punish people on the basis of their virtue or vice (a) Criticism: we do not know for certain whether there is a God or life after death 4) Morality, self- ...
... (a) Criticism: the harm that good people suffer is in fact not compensated by one’s inner goodness iii) Plato’s second answer: God will reward or punish people on the basis of their virtue or vice (a) Criticism: we do not know for certain whether there is a God or life after death 4) Morality, self- ...
Introduction
... (a) Criticism: the harm that good people suffer is in fact not compensated by one’s inner goodness iii) Plato’s second answer: God will reward or punish people on the basis of their virtue or vice (a) Criticism: we do not know for certain whether there is a God or life after death 4) Morality, self- ...
... (a) Criticism: the harm that good people suffer is in fact not compensated by one’s inner goodness iii) Plato’s second answer: God will reward or punish people on the basis of their virtue or vice (a) Criticism: we do not know for certain whether there is a God or life after death 4) Morality, self- ...
Moral Reputation: An Evolutionary and Cognitive
... this would make you better able to resist the temptation to cheat in the first round. And that, in turn, would enable you to generate a reputation for being a cooperative person, clearly to your advantage. Moral emotions may thus have two separate roles. They are impulse control devices. The activat ...
... this would make you better able to resist the temptation to cheat in the first round. And that, in turn, would enable you to generate a reputation for being a cooperative person, clearly to your advantage. Moral emotions may thus have two separate roles. They are impulse control devices. The activat ...
Cruel to be kind: The role of the evolution of altruistic punishment in
... reciprocators bear the cost of rewarding or punishing even if they gain no individual economic benefit whatsoever from their acts” (Fehr and Fischbacher, 2003 785). Strong reciprocity and altruistic punishment are synonymsiii: they imply that an individual contributes to the public ...
... reciprocators bear the cost of rewarding or punishing even if they gain no individual economic benefit whatsoever from their acts” (Fehr and Fischbacher, 2003 785). Strong reciprocity and altruistic punishment are synonymsiii: they imply that an individual contributes to the public ...
Moral reputation: An evolutionary and cognitive perspective
... these emotions is relevant to deciding how to interact with her in this situation or relationship. This coordinating role, we would suggest (following Gibbard 1990), might well be the main function of moral emotions as signals: they are calls for a direct and specific response whatever light they m ...
... these emotions is relevant to deciding how to interact with her in this situation or relationship. This coordinating role, we would suggest (following Gibbard 1990), might well be the main function of moral emotions as signals: they are calls for a direct and specific response whatever light they m ...
a framework for understanding moral distress among palliative care
... dimensions are highly aligned, the intensity and valence of emotional arousal will influence ethical appraisal and discernment by engaging a robust view of the ethical issues, conflicts, and possible solutions and cultivating compassionate action and resilience. In contrast, if they are not, ethical ...
... dimensions are highly aligned, the intensity and valence of emotional arousal will influence ethical appraisal and discernment by engaging a robust view of the ethical issues, conflicts, and possible solutions and cultivating compassionate action and resilience. In contrast, if they are not, ethical ...
Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
... nothing could ever convince any person that it was so. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, ...
... nothing could ever convince any person that it was so. No reason can be given why the general happiness is desirable, except that each person, so far as he believes it to be attainable, desires his own happiness. This, however, being a fact, we have not only all the proof which the case admits of, ...
Utilitarianism-R-Warren-041014
... charge that utilitarianism is ‘a doctrine worthy only of swine’. Preference for ‘higher’ pleasures over ‘lower’ pleasures by competent judges: “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”. ...
... charge that utilitarianism is ‘a doctrine worthy only of swine’. Preference for ‘higher’ pleasures over ‘lower’ pleasures by competent judges: “It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”. ...
Altruism and the evolution of resource generalism and specialism
... types is known to influence competition (Leon and Tumpson 1975); for example, essential resources affect the outcome of interspecific competition by altering the strength of species interactions (Abrams 1987). These diet classifications clearly have the potential to influence the evolution of resour ...
... types is known to influence competition (Leon and Tumpson 1975); for example, essential resources affect the outcome of interspecific competition by altering the strength of species interactions (Abrams 1987). These diet classifications clearly have the potential to influence the evolution of resour ...
SSN Basic Facts Fleurbaey on the Pursuit of Happiness
... survey, my colleague Hannes Schwandt and I provide a direct test. Most people, we find, do indeed seek to maximize happiness. But, paradoxically, higher levels of happiness are reported by people who do not always try to maximize their own current happiness. After asking respondents a standard quest ...
... survey, my colleague Hannes Schwandt and I provide a direct test. Most people, we find, do indeed seek to maximize happiness. But, paradoxically, higher levels of happiness are reported by people who do not always try to maximize their own current happiness. After asking respondents a standard quest ...
Utilitarianism
... even if this hasn’t been recognised. When Mill wrote Utilitarianism, there was a lot of misunderstanding of what utilitarians actually believed. Ch. 2 clarifies what utilitarianism is – what it really claims – by considering and replying to eleven objections which Mill argues arise from misunderstan ...
... even if this hasn’t been recognised. When Mill wrote Utilitarianism, there was a lot of misunderstanding of what utilitarians actually believed. Ch. 2 clarifies what utilitarianism is – what it really claims – by considering and replying to eleven objections which Mill argues arise from misunderstan ...
Cultural group selection, coevolutionary processes and large
... has not this mechanism generated much more cooperation in non-human animals, such as chimpanzees, elephants and dolphins? 3.2. Kin-based selection Kin-selection models actually make use of a variety of different constraints. In some kin-based approaches, the nature of a species’ social (or family) s ...
... has not this mechanism generated much more cooperation in non-human animals, such as chimpanzees, elephants and dolphins? 3.2. Kin-based selection Kin-selection models actually make use of a variety of different constraints. In some kin-based approaches, the nature of a species’ social (or family) s ...
A defense of evolutionary ethics - UChicago Philosophy
... members. This meant, according to Darwin, that the criterion of morality - that highest principle by which we judge our behavior in a cool hour was not the general happiness, but the general good, which he interpreted as the welfare and survival of the group. This was no crude utilitarian theory of ...
... members. This meant, according to Darwin, that the criterion of morality - that highest principle by which we judge our behavior in a cool hour was not the general happiness, but the general good, which he interpreted as the welfare and survival of the group. This was no crude utilitarian theory of ...
Utilitarianism: objections
... the people we love and much more money giving to charity? This would lead to greater happiness, because people who really need help will be made much more happy by the same amount of money or effort than people who don’t really need anything. There are different ways we can develop this thought into ...
... the people we love and much more money giving to charity? This would lead to greater happiness, because people who really need help will be made much more happy by the same amount of money or effort than people who don’t really need anything. There are different ways we can develop this thought into ...
Chimpocentrism and reconstructions of human evolution (a timely
... diet and locomotion (Moore, 1996), and some aspects of their social life (Foley, 1989; Ghiglieri, 1987; Wrangham, 1987, but see Section 5). The results of these comparative studies, ironically, may even have prevented chimpocentrism from disappearing. From established similarities has been inferred ...
... diet and locomotion (Moore, 1996), and some aspects of their social life (Foley, 1989; Ghiglieri, 1987; Wrangham, 1987, but see Section 5). The results of these comparative studies, ironically, may even have prevented chimpocentrism from disappearing. From established similarities has been inferred ...
I. Ethical Systems: An ethical system is….
... An ethical system is the source of one’s moral beliefs and the underlying set of rules from which we make judgments. Once developed, an ethical system is considered a fundamental truth by its owner. Baelz suggests that ethical systems demand or proscribe certain behavior, are authoritative, apply un ...
... An ethical system is the source of one’s moral beliefs and the underlying set of rules from which we make judgments. Once developed, an ethical system is considered a fundamental truth by its owner. Baelz suggests that ethical systems demand or proscribe certain behavior, are authoritative, apply un ...
Slide 1
... individual selfinterest in a competitive marketplace produces a state of optimal goodness for society at large 2. The Argument for the Virtue of Selfishness altruism is suicidal 3. The Hobbesian Argument because we are predominantly psychological egoists it is morally permissible to act entirely out ...
... individual selfinterest in a competitive marketplace produces a state of optimal goodness for society at large 2. The Argument for the Virtue of Selfishness altruism is suicidal 3. The Hobbesian Argument because we are predominantly psychological egoists it is morally permissible to act entirely out ...
Human relationships google doc summary
... Aim: To investigate the effect of serotonin level that influences romantic love Research Method: Observation Participants: 60 individuals: 20 were men and women who had fallen in love in the previous six months, 20 others suffered from untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the other 20 were n ...
... Aim: To investigate the effect of serotonin level that influences romantic love Research Method: Observation Participants: 60 individuals: 20 were men and women who had fallen in love in the previous six months, 20 others suffered from untreated obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the other 20 were n ...
PDF version - The Menlo Roundtable
... ignorance” is always going to pick what benefits everyone, or at least the most people, because the decider does not know what category he falls into, and he wants what is best for himself. The only way the decider can ensure his own rights is by making sure everyone is covered. The same can be appl ...
... ignorance” is always going to pick what benefits everyone, or at least the most people, because the decider does not know what category he falls into, and he wants what is best for himself. The only way the decider can ensure his own rights is by making sure everyone is covered. The same can be appl ...
Altruism
Altruism or selflessness is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures and a core aspect of various religious traditions and secular worldviews, though the concept of ""others"" toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions. Altruism or selflessness is the opposite of selfishness. The word was coined by the French philosopher Auguste Comte in French, as altruisme, for an antonym of egoism. He derived it from the Italian altrui, which in turn was derived from Latin alteri, meaning ""other people"" or ""somebody else"".Altruism in biological organisms can be defined as an individual performing an action which is at a cost to themselves (e.g., pleasure and quality of life, time, probability of survival or reproduction), but benefits, either directly or indirectly, another third-party individual, without the expectation of reciprocity or compensation for that action. Steinberg suggests a definition for altruism in the clinical setting, that is ""intentional and voluntary actions that aim to enhance the welfare of another person in the absence of any quid pro quo external rewards"". Altruism can be distinguished from feelings of loyalty, in that whilst the latter is predicated upon social relationships, altruism does not consider relationships. Much debate exists as to whether ""true"" altruism is possible in human psychology. The theory of psychological egoism suggests that no act of sharing, helping or sacrificing can be described as truly altruistic, as the actor may receive an intrinsic reward in the form of personal gratification. The validity of this argument depends on whether intrinsic rewards qualify as ""benefits.""The term altruism may also refer to an ethical doctrine that claims that individuals are morally obliged to benefit others. Used in this sense, it is usually contrasted with egoism, which is defined as acting to the benefit of one's self.