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The (In)egalitarian Self: On the Motivated Rejection of Implicit Racial
The (In)egalitarian Self: On the Motivated Rejection of Implicit Racial

... White Americans widely endorse egalitarian values and strongly oppose hostile forms of racial prejudice, yet significant racial disparities persist in many important life domains. Unconscious, implicit forms of bias at the individual-level have been offered as one explanation for aggregate racial di ...
UKU TOOMING The Communicative Significance of Beliefs and
UKU TOOMING The Communicative Significance of Beliefs and

... During the process of writing this thesis I have received support from many people. First of all, Bruno Mölder has been very supportive as my supervisor and has always encouraged me to pursue my projects, not only with regard to my thesis but also to other academic endeavours. I also thank other peo ...
Authenticity: Attribution, Value, and Meaning
Authenticity: Attribution, Value, and Meaning

... Given the ubiquity of usage, a good place to start our analysis is to ask what is authenticity, what does it mean, how should we define it? The temptation is to run to one or more of the many meanings that people invoke when they call something authentic. But doing that makes the task inscrutable, b ...
Effects of Messages About Genetics, Race, and Health on Public
Effects of Messages About Genetics, Race, and Health on Public

... common diseases has increased substantially (Kessler et al., 2007). As progress in the field of genetics continues to occur at a rapid pace, there is growing concern about the social and ethical consequences of these advances. One area of concern that merits more empirical research is the impact of ...
Fritz Heider: Philosopher and Psychologist
Fritz Heider: Philosopher and Psychologist

... commitment to an empirical study of psychological processes. Heider became Meinong’s last doctoral student, and he fit well into the Graz school’s focus on perception even though his interest in perception was initially fueled more by drawing and painting than by philosophical puzzles. At first Heid ...
Unconscious bias and higher education
Unconscious bias and higher education

... Unconscious bias is a term used to describe the associations that we hold which, despite being outside our conscious awareness, can have a significant influence on our attitudes and behaviour. Regardless of how fair minded we believe ourselves to be, most people have some degree of unconscious bias. ...
Unconscious bias and higher education
Unconscious bias and higher education

... Unconscious bias is a term used to describe the associations that we hold which, despite being outside our conscious awareness, can have a significant influence on our attitudes and behaviour. Regardless of how fair minded we believe ourselves to be, most people have some degree of unconscious bias. ...
Hesitant to label, yet quick to judge: How cultural mindsets affect the
Hesitant to label, yet quick to judge: How cultural mindsets affect the

... traits, which presumably characterize a person in general, but also behaviors that are situation or context specific (Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000; Macrae, Bodenhausen & Milne, 1995). When the category is activated, a subset of features associated with it might be retrieved (Macrae, Milne & Bodenhause ...
Prejudice - jan.ucc.nau.edu
Prejudice - jan.ucc.nau.edu

... They suggest that there are three kinds of people: (1) those who do not have an automatic negative reaction to members of a given group, (2) those who do have an automatic negative reaction but have no problems expressing their prejudice, and (3) those who have an automatic negative reaction but wan ...
Using Attribution Theory to Understand Resilience
Using Attribution Theory to Understand Resilience

... Children and young people in Public Care are one of the most at risk groups for educational failure and poor life outcomes (NCH, 2005). There is now a wealth of literature detailing predictive risk factors across a range of populations and outlining factors which contribute to resilient, adaptive ou ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... When an out-group member behaves in a way that disconfirms our stereotypes, we are likely to make a situational attribution for his or her performance, leaving the stereotype intact. ...
The Nonverbal Transmission of Intergroup Bias
The Nonverbal Transmission of Intergroup Bias

... exposure to nonverbal bias causes observers to adopt biased attitudes. Implicit learning, normative influence, and informational influence together characterize this second stage. Next, we propose interventions relevant to each stage of the model. Ultimately, we conclude that biases ranging from rac ...
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Basic Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences

... – Weapons effect – tendency that the likelihood of aggression will increase by mere presence of guns – Objects associated with (a) successful aggression or (b) negative affect, serve as aggressionenhancers ...
John Salaz Dissertation - The University of New Mexico
John Salaz Dissertation - The University of New Mexico

... adolescent aggression. As adolescents face heightened social and personal challenges it is important to gain a better understanding of aggression during this already challenging phase in one’s life. Adolescence is a complex phase of development for both males and females. Biological, psychological, ...
The Case for Motivated Reasoning
The Case for Motivated Reasoning

... Tetlock, 1983 , 1985 ). Thus the deeper processing results from accuracy motives that affect the initial encoding and processing of information. More direct evidence that accuracy goals lead to more complex and elaborate reasoning comes from two studies in which the researchers attempted to examine ...
Modern Management, 9e (Certo)
Modern Management, 9e (Certo)

... The first focuses on the design of the job and stresses task design, work autonomy, and level of challenge. The second stresses social influence, holding that attitudes toward jobs are affected by the attitudes toward peers. The third focuses on a dispositional approach that stresses personal charac ...
Caregivers` Perceptions of an Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer`s
Caregivers` Perceptions of an Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer`s

... of medical care act as barriers to care seeking by African American family members of individuals with the disease. Recent research into causal judgments made by potential caregivers about individuals with undiagnosed AD suggests that gender bias and errors in attribution may constitute covert barri ...
Stigmas and Prosocial Behavior
Stigmas and Prosocial Behavior

... Twenty-six percent said that they were uncomfortable using a restaurant drinking glass once used by someone with HIV. In a 2008 national US survey, 59 percent said they would be only somewhat comfortable or not at all comfortable with an HIV-positive woman serving as their childcare provider (amfAR, ...
persecutory delusions: a review and theoretical integration
persecutory delusions: a review and theoretical integration

... recent years, an increasing volume of research has attempted to explain these types of beliefs in terms of psychological mechanisms. Theories have emphasized early experience, perceptual abnormalities, motivational factors, and information-processing deficits. In this article we review relevant find ...
Social Psychology
Social Psychology

... the situation affected our actions (recall the self-serving bias discussed in Module 59). What about our own intentional and admirable actions? Those we attribute not to situations but to our own good reasons (Malle, 2006; Malle et al., 2007). We also are sensitive to the power of the situation when ...
No harm, no foul: The outcome bias in ethical judgments Working
No harm, no foul: The outcome bias in ethical judgments Working

... distinguish ethical from unethical actions based on Jones’s (1991) definition of unethical behaviors as acts that have harmful effects upon others and are “either illegal or morally unacceptable to the larger community” (p. 367). Examples of unethical behaviors include violations of ethical norms or ...
Victim of Circumstance? Stealing Thunder and Attribution
Victim of Circumstance? Stealing Thunder and Attribution

... conditions in which stealing thunder has not succeeded in minimizing negative information. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) sheds light on one of the instances in which stealing thunder is not effective. ELM provides a structure for how the process of persuasive communication is ...
Document
Document

... © 2005 Prentice-Hall ...
ch02
ch02

... © 2005 Prentice-Hall ...
Social Psychology - Cengage Learning
Social Psychology - Cengage Learning

... yet important, differences. They want to know not only on what they should focus, but also how they should study. We emphasize to these students the importance of doing three things: (1) try to organize the material so that you understand “the big picture” and can see which details are most importan ...
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Attribution bias

In psychology, an attribution bias or attributional bias is a cognitive bias that refers to the systematic errors made when people evaluate or try to find reasons for their own and others' behaviors. People constantly make attributions regarding the cause of their own and others’ behaviors; however, attributions do not always accurately mirror reality. Rather than operating as objective perceivers, people are prone to perceptual errors that lead to biased interpretations of their social world.Attribution biases were first discussed in the 1950s and 60s by psychologists such as Fritz Heider, who studied attribution theory. Other psychologists, such as Harold Kelley and Ed Jones expanded Heider's early work by identifying conditions under which people are more or less likely to make different types of attributions.Attribution biases are present in everyday life, and therefore are an important and relevant topic to study. For example, when a driver cuts us off, we are more likely to attribute blame to the reckless driver (e.g., “What a jerk!”), rather than situational circumstances (e.g., “Maybe they were in a rush and didn’t notice me""). Additionally, there are many different types of attribution biases, such as the ultimate attribution error, fundamental attribution error, actor-observer bias, and hostile attribution bias. Each of these biases describes a specific tendency that people exhibit when reasoning about the cause of different behaviors.Since the early work, researchers have continued to examine how and why people exhibit biased interpretations of social information. Many different types of attribution biases have been identified, and more recent psychological research on these biases has examined how attribution biases can subsequently affect emotions and behavior.
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