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Lipids and Membranes
Text sections
3.4
4.4
Test Date 11/2/16
chapter 5 all sections
Brief outline
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Lipids: Diverse Hydrophobic Molecules
A. Fats store large amounts of energy
B. Phospholipids are major components of cell membranes
C. Steroids include cholesterol and certain hormones
Cell Boundaries
A. Cell Membrane
B. Cell Wall
Cell junctions
Membrane structure
A. Fluid mosaic model
The Endomembrane System
A. The endoplasmic reticulum manufactures membranes & performs many other biosynthetic
functions
B. The Golgi apparatus finishes, sorts, and ships cell products
C. Lysosomes are digestive compartments
D. Vacuoles have diverse functions
Movement across the membrane
A. A membrane's molecular organization results in selective permeability
B. Passive transport is diffusion across the membrane
C. Osmosis is the passive transport of water
D. Cell survival depends on balancing water uptake and loss
E. Proteins facilitate the passive transport of selected solutes
F. Active transport pumps against the gradient
G. Some ion pumps generate a voltage across membranes
H. Cotransportation: a membrane protein couples the transport of one solute to another
I. Exocytosis and endocytosis transport large molecules
Cell Specialization
A. Neurons
B. Intestinal epithelial cells
Cell signaling
Lab: Diffusion and Osmosis / Water potential
Objectives
1. Explain why there is an upper and lower limit to cell size.
2. Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane
3. List the components of the endomembrane system, describe their structures and functions and summarize the
relationships among them
4. Describe the types of vacuoles and explain how their functions differ
5. Describe the structure of intercellular junctions found in plant and animal cells and relate their structure to
function
6. Describe the fluid properties of the cell membrane and explain how membrane fluidity is influenced by
membrane composition
7. explain how hydrophobic interactions determine membrane structure and function
8. Explain how proteins are spatially arranged in the cell membrane and how they contribute to membrane
function.
9. Describe factors that affect selective permeability of membranes
10. Define diffusion; explain what causes it and why it is a spontaneous process
11. Explain what regulates the rate of passive transport
12. Explain why a concentration gradient across a membrane represents potential energy
13. Define osmosis and predict the direction of water movement based upon differences in solute concentration
and water potential
14. Be able to solve problems based on water potential
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Describe how living cells with and without walls regulate water balance
Describe one model for facilitated diffusion
Explain how active transport differs from diffusion
Explain what mechanisms can generate a membrane potential or electrochemical gradient.
Explain how potential energy generated by transmembrane solute gradients can be harvested by the cell and
used to transport substances across the membrane
Explain how large molecules are transported across the membrane
Give an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis
Describe the structure of epithelial cells within the small intestine and relate their structure to their function
Describe the structure of a neurons plasma membrane and relate the transmission of a neural impulse to the
proteins found in that membrane
Differentiate between local and long-distance signaling
Describe how information is transferred during
a. Reception
b. Transduction
c. Response