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Transcript
Animal and Plant Cells and organelles Animal Cell Plant Cell Nucleus control center of the cell Nuclear Membrane the structure that surrounds the nucleus and controls what goes into or out of the nucleus DNA and chromosomes structures inside the nucleus that store genetic information, which is information passed on from one generation to the next Cell Membrane controls what goes into and out of a cell Cytoplasm a thick gel-like substance that surrounds and supports the organelles inside the cell organelles structures inside a cell ribosomes organelles that produce proteins Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) a system of membranes and sacs that can move materials from one part of the cell to another Golgi bodies/apparatus/complex a system of membranes which changes, supports, and packages the proteins to be stored in the cell or secreted out of the cell Lysosomes an organelle filled with enzymes that can digest organic compounds Mitochondria the powerhouse of the cell which releases energy from food Vacuole a saclike structure that stores water or wastes Cell wall a stiff outer layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell Chloroplast organelles which use the energy from the sun to make food for plants DNA and chromosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Golgi bodies Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Mitochondria Lysosome Vacuole Cell Membrane DNA and chromosomes Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Lysosome Golgi bodies Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Mitochondria ribosomes Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell wall Vacuoles • Storage container for water, food, and wastes • Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than they are in animal cells Review • Which organelle directs all cell activities? Nucleus • Which organelle controls what goes into or out of the cell? Cell membrane • Which organelle controls what goes into and out of the nucleus? Nuclear membrane • What substance contains the instructions for everything the cell does? DNA Ribosome • Smallest and most abundant organelles • Makes proteins • Proteins are very important for many of the cell’s activities Differences in Cells • Usually the shape of a cell is related to its function (job) • Plant cells have a boxlike shape and animal cells do not have a particular shape • Plant cells have some structures that animal cells do not – cell wall and chloroplasts • A plant cell usually has one large vacuole and an animal cell usually has several small ones Cell Organelles • the parts inside a cell • they carry out functions (jobs) inside the cell Cell Membrane • A thin, flexible barrier that surrounds a cell • Controls what goes into or out of the cell • Protects and supports the cell Nucleus • “Control center of the cell” - Directs all cell activities • Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope • Cells with a nucleus (plant cells and animal cells) are called eukaryotes and those without a nucleus (bacteria) are called prokaryotes Nuclear Membrane • Surrounds the nucleus • Controls what goes into and out of the nucleus Inside the Nucleus • Chromosomes – structures in the nucleus made of DNA • DNA – long, threadlike, material that contains the instructions for everything the cell does Cytoplasm • Gel-like substance inside the cell • Fills the space between all the cell parts and gives the cell its shape Endoplasmic Reticulum • A.k.a. “ER” • Moves materials around the cell Ribosome • Smallest and most abundant organelles • Makes proteins • Proteins are very important for many of the cell’s activities Golgi Apparatus • Sends proteins to where they are needed Lysosomes • Break down food, cell wastes, and old, worn-out organelles • These materials are recycled and used again Mitochondria • “Powerhouse of the cell” • Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to use to make materials and move them around Vacuoles • Storage container for water, food, and wastes • Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than they are in animal cells Cell Wall • Found only in plant and bacterial cells • Rigid, protective barrier that protects and supports the cell • Found outside of the cell membrane of plant and bacterial cells Chloroplast • Found only in plant cells • Contains the green pigment chlorophyll • Where photosynthesis takes place DNA and chromosomes Cytoplasm Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Golgi bodies Endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes Mitochondria Lysosome Vacuole Cell Membrane DNA and chromosomes Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Lysosome Golgi bodies Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Vacuole Mitochondria ribosomes Chloroplast Cell Membrane Cell wall