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Transcript
1
2
Cell Theory
• All know living things are
made up of cells
• Cells are the basic unit
of structure and function
in living things
• All cells come from preexisting cells
• Clip
3
Robert Hooke-1665
• First to see cells.
• First to use the word
•
“cells”- named for the
places that monks
sleep in monastery
Built first microscope
4
Theodor Schwann
1839
Concluded that all
animals are made up of
cells
Matthias Schleiden
1839
Concluded that all plant cells
are made up of cells
5
Two basic Types of Cells
6
Prokaryotic Cells
DO HAVE
• Cell membrane
• Ribosomes
• DNA
DO NOT HAVE
• Organelles
• Nucleus
•Are all singled celled organisms.
•Thought of as more ancient life forms…they came
1st!
7
Eukaryotic Cells
• Have organelles.
• Singled-celled
or multicellular
organisms!
• 2 Types: Plant
and Animal
8
9
Basic Cell Structure
• Cells come in many different
shapes and sizes.
• Like bricks in a building, cells
make up all living things
• Clip
10
The Cell Membrane
• The outside of ALL cells
are surrounded by a
membrane made of
phospholipids.
• Nickname: “The
gatekeeper”
11
Membrane Structure
• There are proteins “stuck” in the membrane
that help get things into and out of the
cells.
• They also help to get messages into the cell.
12
The
Membrane
is a lipid
bilayer.
13
Cell Wall
• Found in Plant, Fungi,
and Bacteria Cells
• Provides support and
protection
• In plants, the cell wall
is made of the
carbohydrate
cellulose.
14
The Cytoplasm
• jelly-like substance
• contains all of the
organelles
15
Organelles in the Cytoplasm
• Each organelle has a specific
function so that the cell can do
its job.
• Each organelle has its own job!
• Remember: ONLY EUKARYOTIC
CELLS HAVE ORGANELLES!!!!
16
What’s an organelle?
• Organelle mean “tiny organ.”
• Organelles function together
to help the cell carry out all
of life’s activities!!
17
18
Nucleus-The Control Center
• “The Brain”
• Contains the
DNA
• DNA controls
which proteins
get made-and
when!
• Where
ribosomes are
made
19
Nucleus
(Continued)
• has a phospholipid
•
•
bilayer around it
nuclear pores allow
substances to move
into and out of the
nucleus
DNA NEVER leaves
the nucleus
20
21
Ribosomes
• Not technically an
organelles.
• Nickname: “protein
maker”
• They help put the
amino acids
together to make
proteins.
• Made of the nucleic
Acid-RNA
• website
22
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Membrane
•
system function =
protein
synthesis
and
transport.
thought of
as a
Highway
and a
place of
protein
synthesis.
23
Two types of ER
• Smooth
– No attached
ribosomes
• Rough
– Attached ribosomes
24
25
Golgi Apparatus
• Nickname: “UPS”
• Packages molecules
•
•
and sends them to
their destination.
Also checks to make
sure the molecules are
put together correctly,
if not correct it sends
them back to the ER.
Website
Let’s Review
27
Vacuoles
• packages of
material that are
being stored and
transported
•Plants usually have
one large one
•Animals generally
have many small
ones.
28
Lysosomes
• Nickname
“Recycling Center”
• Has digestive
enzymes that
breakdown and
recycle molecules.
29
30
Chloroplasts
Site of
photosynthesis
in plants.
31
Cytoskeleton
• Gives cells their shape.
• Contain proteins: microtubules (shape) and
microfilaments (movement).
32
Mitochondria
• Nickname:
•
•
•
“Powerhouse”
Site of ATP production
ATP is the universal
energy molecule
Energy is stored in
the bonds of ATP.
• Website
33
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Ribosome
(free)
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Cell wall
Nuclear
envelope
Nucleolus
Golgi
apparatus
Mitochondrian
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plant Cell
34
Organelles of the Cell Clip
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrian
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
Golgi
apparatus
Animal Cell
35
Animal Cell vs. Plant Cell
Clip
36
Levels of Organization
• Cells make up tissues.
• Tissues make up Organs.
• Organs make up organ systems.