Download 5.4 Muscle Tissues

5.4 Muscle Tissues
• General Characteristics
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Generate force
Bring about movement
Generate heat
Composed of fibers called
actin and
myosin=myofilaments
– Three types of muscle tissue
• 1. Skeletal
• 2. Smooth
• 3. Cardiac
5.4 Muscle Tissues
• 1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue
– “the striated muscle”
• Striped or banded muscle fiber
– Mulitnucliated-nucleous at sides
of muscle cell
– Voluntary muscle tissue
• Head, trunk, limbs
• Enable facial expressions, write,
talk, sing, chew, swallow, breathe
5.4 Muscle Tissues
• 2. Smooth Muscle Tissue
– Called “smooth” because there
are no striations
– One nucleus per cell
– Spindle shaped cells
– Involuntary control
• Moves food through digestive
system
• Constricts blood vessels
• Empties urinary bladder
5.4 Muscle Tissues
• 3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
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ONLY in the heart!!
One nucleus per cell
Cells are striated and branched
Intercalated discs
• Velcro-like membrane surfaces where cells meet
• Contain desmosomes (provide structural support) and gap junctions
(allows rapid communication between cells, required for coordinated
heart contraction).
5.5 Nervous Tissue
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Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.
Cell Types:
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1. Neuron: generate and conduct impulses
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Parts of a Neuron:
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Dendrite: Carries message towards cell body
Cell body: Contains most of the cytoplasm and nucleus
Axon: Carries impulse away from the cell body
5.5 Nervous Tissue
• Cell Types (continued)
– 2. Neuroglial Cells: Support and protect neurons
• Parts of Neuroglial Cells:
– Shwann Cells: produce myelin sheath around the PNS.
– Synapse: gap between neurons
– Neurotransmitter: chemical released by neuron to
communicate with neuron across the synapse
*Myelin sheath=insulates nerve fibers for maximun rate of
nerve impulse transmission
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Made up of groups of tissues
• 1. Epithelial Membrane Tissues
– Consist of epithelial tissue and underlying
connective tissue
– Three Types:
• 1. Mucous Membranes
• 2. Serous Membranes
• 3. Cutaneous Membranes
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:
– 1. Mucous Membranes
• Line interior walls of hollow organs that open to the
outside of the body.
• Consist of mucus secreting epithelium with underlying
connective tissue
• Function=protection
• Examples:
– Oral and nasal cavities (openings to the digestive and
respiratory system)
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:
– 2. Serous Membranes
• Line cavities NOT exposed to external environment
• Consists of simple squamous epithelium and underlying
connective tissue
• Cover internal organs
– Parietal layer: lines wall of the body cavity
– Viseral layer: covers internal organs
• Function: lubricates to prevent friction
• Examples:
– Plural Membrane: around lung
– Pericardial membrane: around heart
– Peritoneal membrane: around intestines
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:
– 3. Cutaneous Membranes
• SKIN
• Consist of stratified squamous epithelium and
underlying connective tissue
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:
– 1. Synovial Membranes
• Line freely moveable joints
• Composed of ONLY connective tissue
• Function: lubricate joints
5.6 Types of Membranes
• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:
– 2. Meninges:
• 3 layers that cover the brain and spinal cord
• Composed of ONLY connective tissue
• Function: protect the brain and spinal cord