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Tissues Chapter 6 Tissues • Similar cells with a common function • Histology- study of tissues • Four major tissue types – Epithelial tissue – Connective tissue – Muscle tissue – Nervous tissue Epithelial Tissue Epithelial tissue • Tightly packed cells • Adhere to each other and basement membrane • Cover and line • Protects, secretes, absorbs, filters • Classified according to cell shape and number of cell layers Epithelial classification • Use a descriptor from both categories • Cell shape – Squamous- flat – Cuboidal- cube shaped – Columnar- tall • Number of cell layers – Simple- one layer of cells – Stratified- more than one layer of cells Simple epithelial - single layer of cells Stratified- multiple layers of cells Connective Tissue Connective Tissues • • • • Very diverse Comprise much of the body Spaced apart more so than epithelial cells Functions – Support/protect – Binds structures – Produce blood cells – Most are very vascular Different types • Collagenous- thick fibers, strong, holds structures together • Bone, cartilage, tendons Different types • Elastic- provides elastic quality to parts that stretch • Found in lungs, vocal cords, etc. Different types • Reticular- very thin fibers, forms delicate supportive networks • Soft skeleton around spleen, liver, etc. Adipose tissue • Cushions, insulates, stores fats Bone • Most rigid connective tissue • Contains matrix of inorganic salts • Supports, protects, attachment for muscles Blood • Made of plasma, red and white blood cells, platelets • Transports, defends Muscle Tissue Muscular tissue • Composed of muscle fibers • Actin and myosin filaments that slide together • Three types of muscle fibers – Skeletal – Smooth – Cardiac Skeletal muscle • Striated cells with multiple nuclei • Occurs in muscles attached to skeleton • Functions in voluntary movement of body Smooth muscle • • • • No striations Single nucleus Elongated cells Involuntary muscle Cardiac muscle • • • • Striated cells Single nucleus Occurs in the heart Involuntary Nervous tissue Nervous tissue • Found in brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves • Composed of neurons and glial cells • Receive and send electrochemical signals
