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CELLS AND TISSUES KOSTIS GYFTOPOULOS MD, PhD ASS. PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY TISSUE TYPES • EPITHELIAL • CONNECTIVE BLOOD • MUSCLE • NERVOUS EPITHELIAL TISSUE Cells that are very tightly connected to each other, with very little free intracellular space. Covers the entire body, externally and internally. • Skin + accessories • Mucous membranes • Glands (endocrine-exocrine) DIFFERENT TYPES OF EPITHELIA Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Columnar ciliated Columnar with goblet cells Transitional Stratified CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cells are immersed into an abundant “amorphous” intracellular substance, mainly water and proteins. Supports and connects other tissues. • • • • Cartilage Bone Adipose Blood and lymphatic tissue Loose connective tissue Cartilage MUSCLE TISSUE Cells are “ELASTIC”, that is they can shorten or stretch, causing movement. Movement is accomplished through shortening in response to a stimulus • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac STRIATED MUSCLE SMOOTH MUSCLE CARDIAC MUSCLE NERVOUS TISSUE Cells are “excitable” and specialized in transmitting stimuli or nerve impulses through special chemical-physical activity of their membrane. Great variation in shape, characteristics, length and function of nervous cells, according to their role • NEURONS • Supporting cells Neuroglial cells (CNS) Schwann cells (PNS) THE NEURON The skin…is an organ! (The integumentary system) • Social function • Protection from disease and injury • Maintenance of homeostasis Skin interaction with other systems • • • • • Muscular (face expressions) Circulatory (vasodlation..) Nervous system (sensory receptors) Endocrine system (hormones..) Immune system
