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Transcript
Name ________________________ Date ________________ THE CELL You have probably heard that you and every other living thing are made out of cells. But: Do all cells look the same? If not, why do they look different? How do materials travel through your cell? Why are we made up of so many cells instead of just a few? Why are cells surrounded by membranes? Why are some organelles and proteins within cells surrounded by membranes? Why is the inside of the cell divided into a few specialized compartments (organelles)? The hierarchical order in a complex living organism goes as such from smallest to largest: atoms biomolecules (carbs, fats, proteins, DNA) cells tissues organs organ systems organism. You will hopefully be able to answer these questions at the end of this unit. I will expect you to do a lot of the work on your own. 1. Draw a Venn diagram that compares the two major types of cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (5 pts) 2. What are the 2 main types of eukaryotic cells? (2 pts) 1 Name ________________________ Date ________________ HOW BIG ARE CELLS? Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/ Go to CELL SIZE AND SCALE. Fill in the following chart (13 pts) Object Sketch Size in picometers, nanometers, micrometers or millilmeters Grain of salt Amoeba Human egg cell Skin cell Red blood cell e-coli bacteria Mitochondrion Flu virus HIV virus Ribosome Hemoglobin Phospholipid Glucose molecule 2 Name ________________________ Date ________________ WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL? Click on AMAZING CELLS, go to INSIDE A CELL. Use the information to fill in the following chart: (24 pts) Cell Part Nucleus Sketch (use COLOR) What it does Nucleolus Mitochondria Cytoplasm (Cytosol) Ribosome Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosome Vesicles Cytoskeleton Cell Membrane 3 Name ________________________ Date ________________ CONVERT THE CELL INTO A PLANT CELL (10 points) Plants have some special features. Explore these. 1. What type of cell other than plants, have cell walls? Sketch the following Chloroplast 2. What do Chloroplasts do? 3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do? Vacuole Overview (5 pts) For the chart below, place a check in the box if the cell has that component. EUKARYOTIC ORGANELLE Plant Animal PROKARYOTIC Bacteria Chloroplast Vacuole Ribosome Mitochondria DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Wall Golgi Apparatus Cell membrane Nucleus What 3 parts do all living cells need? (3 pts) _________________________________________________________________ 4 Name ________________________ Date ________________ Organelle review game Go to http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm and take the quizzes for each type of cell. All cells, from the most simple bacteria, to complex nerve and muscle cells, are basically protein factories, creating proteins either for the cell or for the body / plant that it is a part of. Some examples include nerves making neurotransmitters, stomach cells making digestive enzymes, and follicle cells making hair proteins. Below is an analogy, asking you to match cell organelles with a corresponding part in an ipod factory. Use organelles from the following word bank to complete the analogy table: Mitochondria, cell membrane, membrane proteins, ribosomes, nucleus, golgi vesicles, golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosomes, DNA, proteins. (22 points) Ipod Factory Matching Organelle or cell part ipod part design plans Design plan store room – manager’s office Assembly worker (makes the separate parts using copies of the plans) Separate ipod parts Conveyor belt used to send parts made by assembly worker to shipping plant Factory power plant Shipping plant that puts parts together, packages, labels and prepares complete Ipods to be sent to Apple stores Truck driver that delivers completed Ipods to Apple stores Factory security barrier Factory security gate for shipping and receiving Room where all defective parts are broken down and recycled 5 Name ________________________ Date ________________ Key Questions: I. Why do cells look so different? The simple answer is in your favorite mantra : “structure fits function”. In your own words tell me what this means when talking about different types of cells (4 pts) II. In your own words, describe how the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus work together to facilitate the transport of materials within a cell. (4 pts) III. Why is the inside of cells divided into specialized compartments surrounded by membranes? What advantage does this type of arrangement provide? (4 pts) 6