Download THE CELL - BealBio

Name ________________________
Date ________________
THE CELL
You have probably heard that you and every other living thing are made out
of cells. But:
 Do all cells look the same? If not, why do they look different?
 How do materials travel through your cell?
 Why are we made up of so many cells instead of just a few?
 Why are cells surrounded by membranes? Why are some organelles
and proteins within cells surrounded by membranes?
 Why is the inside of the cell divided into a few specialized
compartments (organelles)?
The hierarchical order in a complex living organism goes as such from
smallest to largest: atoms  biomolecules (carbs, fats, proteins, DNA) 
cells  tissues  organs  organ systems  organism.
You will hopefully be able to answer these questions at the end of this unit.
I will expect you to do a lot of the work on your own.
1. Draw a Venn diagram that compares the two major types of
cells: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (5 pts)
2. What are the 2 main types of eukaryotic cells? (2 pts)
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Name ________________________
Date ________________
HOW BIG ARE CELLS?
Go to http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/
Go to CELL SIZE AND SCALE. Fill in the following chart (13 pts)
Object
Sketch
Size in picometers, nanometers,
micrometers or millilmeters
Grain of salt
Amoeba
Human egg cell
Skin cell
Red blood cell
e-coli bacteria
Mitochondrion
Flu virus
HIV virus
Ribosome
Hemoglobin
Phospholipid
Glucose molecule
2
Name ________________________
Date ________________
WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?
Click on AMAZING CELLS, go to INSIDE A CELL.
Use the information to fill in the following chart: (24 pts)
Cell Part
Nucleus
Sketch (use COLOR)
What it does
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
(Cytosol)
Ribosome
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vesicles
Cytoskeleton
Cell Membrane
3
Name ________________________
Date ________________
CONVERT THE CELL INTO A PLANT CELL (10 points)
Plants have some special features. Explore these.
1. What type of cell other than plants, have cell walls?
Sketch the following
Chloroplast
2. What do Chloroplasts do?
3. In plant cells, what does the vacuole do?
Vacuole
BACTERIAL CELL (5 POINTS)
Go to http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm click on bacterial
cell and complete the table below
Cell Part
Nucleoid
Sketch
What it does
Flagellum
Pilli
Cell wall (how
is it different
from a plant
cell)
capsule
4
Name ________________________
Date ________________
Overview (5 pts)
For the chart below, place a check in the box if the cell has that component.
EUKARYOTIC
ORGANELLE
Plant
Animal
PROKARYOTIC
Bacteria
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Ribosome
Mitochondria
DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cell Wall
Golgi Apparatus
Cell membrane
Nucleus
What 3 parts do all living cells need? (3 pts)
_________________________________________________________________
Organelle review game
Go to http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/cell/index.htm and
take the quizzes for each type of cell.
5
Name ________________________
Date ________________
All cells, from the most simple bacteria, to complex nerve and muscle cells,
are basically protein factories, creating proteins either for the cell or for the
body / plant that it is a part of. Some examples include nerves making
neurotransmitters, stomach cells making digestive enzymes, and follicle cells
making hair proteins. Below is an analogy, asking you to match cell organelles
with a corresponding part in an ipod factory.
Use organelles from the following word bank to complete the analogy table:
Mitochondria, cell membrane, membrane proteins, ribosomes,
nucleus, golgi vesicles, golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic
reticulum, Lysosomes, DNA, proteins. (22 points)
Ipod Factory
Matching Organelle or cell part
ipod part design plans
Design plan store room – manager’s office
Assembly worker (makes the separate
parts using copies of the plans)
Separate ipod parts
Conveyor belt used to send parts made by
assembly worker to shipping plant
Factory power plant
Shipping plant that puts parts together,
packages, labels and prepares complete
Ipods to be sent to Apple stores
Truck driver that delivers completed Ipods
to Apple stores
Factory security barrier
Factory security gate for shipping and
receiving
Room where all defective parts are
broken down and recycled
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Name ________________________
Date ________________
Key Questions:
I.
Why do cells look so different? The simple answer is in your favorite mantra : “structure
fits function”. In your own words tell me what this means when talking about different
types of cells (4 pts)
II.
In your own words, describe how the cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi
apparatus work together to facilitate the transport of materials within a cell. (4 pts)
III.
Why is the inside of cells divided into specialized compartments surrounded by
membranes? What advantage does this type of arrangement provide? (4 pts)
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Name ________________________
IV.
There are 8 different microscopes in the room. Each microscope has a slide of a tissue
(collection of cells). Your job is to look at that slide and match it to the correct
structure, function and location. Fill out the chart in the next page.
STRUCTURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Date ________________
Cells are long bands next to one
another. Each cell (band) has many
small perpendicular lines (striations) in
it. Cells also have multiple nuclei (small,
dark ovals).
Cells are almost round and together
make a pattern that resembles a
bee-hive. The purplish nuclei are
pushed to the edge of each cell
Cells are columnar in shape and have
small hair-like projections coming out of
one end (known as cilia). Cells are close
to one another.
There are three types of cells: the
majority are round and have an
indentation in the middle, a few are
very small and very few are larger,
purple and have a visible nucleus.
Tissue looks like a bunch of targets
with a “bulls-eye” in the middle. The
cells are arranged in concentric rings
around each “bulls-eye”
Cells are next to one another, columnar
in shape and are arranged in folds. Cells
have very fine hairs that under
microscope appear like a “halo”. Folds
and small hairs increase surface area.
7. Cells are thin and flat and arranged in
multiple rows. Cells are very tightly
packed on top of one another.
8. Bands of collagen (a protein) that are
wavy and running in the same direction
(parallel to one another)
FUNCTION
LOCATION
a) Provides structure,
support and is able to
resist forces well. Its
lightness allows for easy
movement.
b) Absorption of molecules.
Skin
Tendons and
ligaments
c) Attach muscle to bones
and provide a firm
efficient anchor for
muscles to pull
d) Able to stretch and
contract quickly and
effectively. Can make
proteins very fast.
Bone
e) Protection against
infection and physical
damage. Does not allow
water through.
f) Store lipids. Can
enlarge and shrink
depending of how many
lipids they hold.
Storage of energy and
insulation.
g) They protect the lungs
by trapping and filtering
particles
h) Some cells carry oxygen
and can fit quickly
through small spaces;
some are used to fight
infection.
Muscle
Fat
Trachea
(wind-pipe)
Small
intestines
Blood
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Name ________________________
Date ________________
STATION
NUMBER
STRUCTURE
(write down the
matching
number)
FUNCTION
(write down the
matching letter)
LOCATION
1
(EXAMPLE)
2
F
FAT
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9