Download Structure and function of the cell

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Smallest unit of life, Discovered by Robert
Hooke 1695
Cell Theory:
1. All living things have cells
2. Cell is the basic unit of life
3. Cells only come from
pre-existing cells
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Most cells are microscopic, or can only be
seen with a microscope
AKA: mad small
They are limited by the surface area of the
cell membrane
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Unicellular
Usually mutlicellular
Small cells
Large Cells
Circular DNA
DNA in Chromosomes
No nucleus
Nucleus with DNA
No Membrane bound organelles
Advanced organelles
Asexual Reproduction
Asexual or Sexual
Have Cell walls
Cell membranes or walls
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Ribosomes: make proteins
Cytoplasm: inside of the cells
DNA: genetic material
cell membrane/wall: protects cell
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1. Membrane bound organelles: golgi,
mitochondria, rough/smooth ER, etc.
2. Nucleus
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Composition: Made of lipids and proteins
Function:
“Selectively permeable”: decides what comes
in or out of the cell
“Membrane proteins”: receptors for hormones
and protein channels
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Found in plant cells
Less flexible than cell membrane
Gives plant cells the ability to stand up and
grow into trees, flowers etc.
Cell wall is thicker than cell membrane
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Controls all of the functions of the cell, DNA
Controls growth, metabolism and genetics of
a cell
Nucleolus: small part inside nucleus that
makes ribosomes
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Transfers energy from ATP to make the cell
function
Has it’s own DNA, most important organelle
to the cell
Muscle cells will have more mitochondria
than other cells
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Most numerous organelle in a cell
Found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
They “synthesize”, or create, proteins
Found in the cytoplasm and the rough ER
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Rough ER: has ribosomes along the outside
of it, allows proteins to move throughout
the cell
Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes and is found in
liver cells, filters toxins and creates lipids
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“UPS” of the cell
Modifies or changes proteins before they
leave the cell
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Small spheres containing enzymes used for
digestion
Not found in plant cells, only animal cells
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Vacuoles: Stores enzymes and toxins in
plants
Plastids: contain chlorophyll so that plants
can make food from sunlight
Chlorophyll is usually a shade of green
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Similar cells that are grouped together form
tissues
4 main types of tissues: muscle, nervous,
connective and epithelial.
Organs are a bunch of tissues that work
together to perform a function. Example: the
heart
Many organs working together are an organ
system: digestive system uses the stomach,
intestines, kidneys etc.
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
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Cilia: Hair-like extensions on the outside of
the cell membrane
Flagella: whip-like tail on the cell membrane
of cells
Sperm cells use flagella to swim towards the
egg cell
Cilia are found in lung cells to sweep out
debris