Download Animal and plant cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell

7th Grade Science Final Review
CELLS, PROCESSES, AND THE MICROSCOPE
On loose leaf, write the answers to the following checklist of topics. You can write in words and draw
labeled pictures. For the numbered questions, write the answers in the spaces provided.
Students will be able to:
Cells
_____ State the differences and similarities between plant and animal cells.
Animal and plant cells have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell
membrane.
Only plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall.
_____ Identify the following parts of cells (plant and animal) and state their functions:
cell membrane – regulates what goes into and out of a cell
cytoplasm – allows the organelles to circulate inside the cell
chloroplasts – where food is produced in a plant cell
vacuoles – store water and food
nucleus – directs all the activities of the cell
cell wall – protects and supports a plant cell
chromosomes (genetic material) – contains the code to make
proteins
_____ List and describe the features of living things:
movement – the organism moves on its own
respiration – energy releasing process
sensitivity (response to stimuli) – organisms react to changes
in the environment
nutrition – organisms take in food and digest it into usable
nutrients
excretion – getting rid of liquid and gas wastes
reproduction – making offspring
growth – getting larger by cell division
_____ Describe the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms
unicellular – organism has only one cell
multicellular – organism is made of more than one cell
Cell Processes
_____ Compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration
photosynthesis – a food making process in which plants use
sunlight to make food
respiration – an energy releasing process in which food and
oxygen combine to release energy
_____ Describe the following cell processes:
diffusion – a substance moves from a higher concentration to
a lower concentration
osmosis – water diffuses across a cell membrane
active transport – energy is required to move a substance
across the cell membrane
respiration – oxygen and glucose combine to release energy
_____ Explain how the cell membrane is selectively permeable
Cell membrane allows only some substances to pass in and
out of the cell.
_____ Explain how an organism’s body plan helps it maintain a balanced state (homeostasis)
You feel thirsty when you are dehydrated.
In times of stress, your body breathes quicker and your heart
beats faster to get oxygen to body cells.
Microscope
_____ Identify the parts of a microscope and their functions
objectives – magnify the specimen
course adjustment knob – focuses quickly
fine adjustment knob – focuses slowly and is used to see
depth in a specimen
diaphragm – regulates the amount of light passing through a
specimen
revolving nosepiece – switch to a higher power objective to
see more detail
_____ Estimate the size of a specimen by comparing it to the diameter of the field of view
Compare the size of the specimen to the diameter of the field
of view.
7 mm
_____ Describe how specimens appear to move when viewed through a compound microscope
The specimen appears to move in the opposite direction than it
is actually moving.
_____ Calculate total magnification using eyepiece magnification and objective lens magnification
Total magnification = eyepiece x objective
total magnification
10x
eyepiece
10x
objective
1. In the space below draw a diagram of a plant and animal cell and label the following structures: nucleus,
cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, chromosomes and vacuole.
chromosome
vacuole
2. Give 3 differences between animal and plant cells.
no cell wall
has a cell wall
no chloroplasts
has chloroplasts
small vacuoles
one large vacuole
3. Describe how a plant cell is different from a paramecium.
A plant cell has a cell wall, has chloroplasts, has one large
vacuole, and is autotrophic, it can make its own food through
photosynthesis.
A paramecium is an animal-like protist so it does not have a
cell wall, does not have chloroplasts, has many small vacuoles, and
is heterotrophic, it does locomotion to find its food.
4. Give the functions of the following microscope parts:
eyepiece – magnifies
the specimen (lens closest to the eye)
objective lens – magnifies
diaphragm – adjusts
the brightness of the field of view
coarse adjustment – moves
stage –
the specimen (lens closest to the specimen
the stage quickly
holds the specimen slide
5. Describe the relationship between how you move a microscope slide and how the specimen appears in
the field of view.
When you move the microscope slide, the specimen move in the
opposite direction in the field of view.
6. How do you estimate the size of a specimen that you are viewing under the microscope.
Compare the size of the specimen drawing to a drawing of the grid
slide.
7. What is homeostasis? Give an example.
homeostasis - maintaining stable internal conditions despite
changing conditions in the environment
For example, when a person gets hot in summer, they sweat to
release heat and cool down.
8. Match the life function to its description:
A. Sensitivity
F the ability to produce more of its own kind
___
B. Excretion
E the ability to move all or part of the organism
___
C. Ingestion
D a cell changes oxygen and food into usable energy
___
D. Respiration
A the ability of an organism to respond to a stimulus
___
E. Locomotion
B getting rid of wastes
___
F. Reproduction
G the increase in size and complexity of an organism
___
G. Growth & Development
___
C the ability to take in food or raw materials
9. Identify the following as diffusion or osmosis:
Osmosis
8 CO2
6 H2O
10 H2O
Diffusion
2 CO2
10. Give an example of how the cell membrane is “selectively permeable.”
The cell membrane lets in small molecules such as oxygen and
carbon dioxide. Large molecules such as starch cannot enter the
cell.
11. Use checkmarks to compare and contrast photosynthesis and respiration.
Photosynthesis
Respiration
X
X
X
X
Occurs in plants
Occurs in animals
Happens in mitochondria
Happens in chloroplasts
X
X
Needs glucose + oxygen
Makes glucose + oxygen
X
X
Makes water + carbon dioxide
Needs water + carbon dioxide
X
X
Produces energy
Requires energy (sunlight)
Occurs during the day
X
X
Occurs during the night
X
X
Circle the best choice:
1. Photosynthesis takes place in [only animal, only plant, both animal and plant] cells.
2. Photosynthesis takes place in the [cytoplasm, chromosome, chloroplast, mitochondria].
3. Circle the chemical reaction for photosynthesis:
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
water + carbon dioxide + light  glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + oxygen + glucose  energy + water
glucose + water + light  carbon dioxide + water
4. Respiration takes place in [only animal, only plant, both animal and plant] cells.
5. Respiration takes place in the [ribosome, mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus].
6. Circle the chemical reaction for respiration:
glucose + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + energy
water + carbon dioxide + light  glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + oxygen + glucose  energy + water
glucose + water + light  carbon dioxide + water