Download final review blue packet 2015

Living Environment Final Exam
Blue Review Packet
Microscope
What is the function of the diaphragm?
The part of the microscope that controls the amount of light passing through the
opening of the stage
What is the function of the coarse adjustment?
The part of the microscope that is used for focusing with the low-power objective
lens; it is the larger knob of the two focusing knobs.
What is the function of the fine
adjustment?
The part of the microscope that is used
for focusing with the high-power
objective lens; the coarse adjustment
knob should never be used on high
power.
Microscope
As you increase the magnification, the field of view becomes smaller, but the objects
you are viewing appear larger as you zoom into a smaller area.
What is the diameter of the microscope field of view (FOV) using the following
powers?
Scanning Power___________ Low Power____________ High Power____________
Diameter of high-power field of view =
Magnification of scanning-power objective X Diameter of low-power FOV
Magnification of high-power objective
For example, a microscope has a scanning-power objective with a magnification of
4X and a high-power objective with a magnification of 40X. If the low-power field of
view (FOV) is 3 mm wide, the diameter of the high-power field of view is (4 X 3
mm)/40 = 0.3 mm.
You can use the same formula to calculate the low power field of view
Microscope
The larger the field of view, the more light that passes through to your eye. List the
field of views from greatest amount of light to least amount of light passing through.
Use 1, 2, 3, with 1 being the greatest amount of light.
Scanning Power_____1_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____3_____
List the field of views from greatest amount of specimen seen to least amount of
specimen seen. Use 1, 2, 3, with 1 being the greatest amount of specimen seen.
Scanning Power_____1_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____3_____
List the field of views from highest magnification of the part of specimen seen to
lowest magnification of specimen seen. Use 1, 2, 3, with 1 being the highest
magnification of the specimen seen.
Scanning Power_____3_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____1_____
Microscope
The larger the field of view, the more light that passes through to your eye. List the field
of views from greatest amount of light to least amount of light passing through. Use 1, 2,
3, with 1 being the greatest amount of light.
Scanning Power_____1_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____3_____
List the field of views from greatest amount of specimen seen to least amount of
specimen seen. Use 1, 2, 3, with 1 being the greatest amount of specimen seen.
Scanning Power_____1_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____3_____
List the field of views from highest magnification of the part of specimen seen to lowest
magnification of specimen seen. Use 1, 2, 3, with 1 being the highest magnification of
the specimen seen.
Scanning Power_____3_____ Low Power_____2_____ High Power_____1_____
Fill in the following table:
Magnification Power
Field of View
(mm)
Amount of Specimen
seen (More or Less)
Amount of Light
Entering Eye (More or
Less)
100X
More
More
More
400X
Less
Less
Less
Describe the function (job) of each of the following cellular organelles:
Cellular Organelle
Function
Nucleus
A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for
cell growth and reproduction
Ribosome
An organelle in the cytoplasm of a living cell that makes
proteins.
Mitochondrion
The powerhouse of the cell, produces energy (ATP) from oxygen
and sugar(Cellular respiration)
Chloroplast
The organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms
that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into
chemical energy
Vacuole
The cell organelle that stores water and nutrients for the cell;
very large in plant cells
Golgi Body
The organelle that packages cellular materials and transports
them within the cell or out of the cell
Lysosome
A membrane-bound organelle containing digestive enzymes that
can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which
proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the
cell to another
List three uses for the proteins produced on the ribosomes.
1) As enzymes to help catalyze reactions in the cell.
2) As structural materials such as the proteins that make up the cytoskeleton.
3) As transporters to help move materials across membranes.
Name the high energy organic molecule produced in the chloroplasts.
Glucose
Name the high energy molecule produced in the mitochondria when glucose is
broken down during cellular respiration.
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
Organism
List the following levels of organization in
living things from smallest to largest.
Organ system
Organ
organ, tissue, organ system, organism, cell
Tissue
Cell
Use the following diagram to answer the items that follow.
a. Label the lungs in the diagram
Lungs
b. Label the body in the diagram
c. Label the left ventricle in the
diagram 6
d. Label the right atrium in the
diagram 3
e. What are the number and name of
the blood vessel that transports
oxygenated blood from the lungs
to the heart?
7 – Pulmonary Vein
f. What are the number and name of
the blood vessel that transports
Body
deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
2 – Pulmonary Artery
g. What are the number and name of the blood vessel that transports deoxygenated
blood to the heart? 1 – Vena Cava
h. What are the number and name of the blood vessel that transports oxygenated
blood to the body? 8 – Aorta
Use the following diagram to answer the items that follow.
a. Label the brain in the diagram
b. Label the left ventricle in the
diagram 4
c. Label the right atrium in the
diagram 1
d. What are the number and name of
the blood vessel that transports
oxygenated blood from the heart
to the brain?
6 – Carotid Artery
e. What are the numbers and names
of the blood vessels that transport
deoxygenated blood to the heart?
7 – Superior Vena Cava
8 – Inferior Vena Cava
Brain
Glucose
Homeostasis
Examine the diagram showing glucose homeostasis.
a. Define homeostasis: The process by which organisms maintain a relatively
stable internal environment
90
back down
back up
Insulin
It stimulates liver cells to form glycogen
Examine the diagram showing glucose homeostasis.
Glucagon
Glucagon stimulates liver cells to change glycogen into glucose.
The pancreas is signaled to secrete insulin into the blood.
The pancreas is signaled to produce Glucagon which stimulates to liver to change
glycogen into glucose and put it into the blood.
When you eat, food is digested and glucose is absorbed into the blood. This
creates glucose levels that are too high. The body counteracts this by storing the
excess glucose as glycogen. Then the glucose levels are too low, so the body
converts glycogen back to glucose. Then the levels are too high, so…
Insulin and glucagon are the hormones that convert glucose into glycogen and
glycogen into glucose. The levels are never equal and depend on blood glucose.
Blood glucose levels above 90 mg/100 ml.
Blood glucose levels below 90 mg/100 ml.
Blood glucose levels would remain high. Type 1 Diabetes
1) The message travels down Neuron 1, the presynaptic neuron
2) Neurotransmitter chemicals are released by Neuron 1
3) Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
4) Neurotransmitter binds to recpetor sites on Neuron 2, the postsynaptic neuron
5) Ion channels open on Neuron 2
6) The message continues
Below is the chemical equation for photosyntesis. Answer the items that follow.
O2
What are the two starting chemicals for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Water
What are the two chemicals that are produced during photosynthesis?
Glucose
Oxygen
Why is ligt important to photosynthesis?
The main source of energy during photosynthesis is light. That is why
photosynthesis is alternatively called a “light reaction” where light energy is converted
into chemical energy.
What is the name of the green chemical that captures the energy in light and transfers
that energy into the bonds of the glucose molecule?
Chlorophyll
What is the function of enzymes during photosynthesis?
Enzymes assist chemical reactions that would normally require too much energy
to occur without assistance. Enzymes involved in photosynthesis make it possible for
the carbon dioxide and water to be reconfigured into the final sugars.
Below is the chemical equation for photosyntesis. Answer the items that follow.
O2
Why are green plants called producers?
They make (produce) their own food
Why do you think that someone might call photsynthesis “autotrophic nutrition”?
Autotrophic comes from the Greek words “auto” which means self and “trophic”
which means nutrition or feeding. So autotrophic nutrition would refer to an organism
that feeds itself, or produces their own food.