Download The Water Cycle – the continuous process by which water moves

The Water Cycle – the continuous process by which water moves from Earth’s surface to the
atmosphere and back; water moves between land, living things, bodies of water on Earth’s surface, and
the atmosphere.
The Water Cycle is composed of the following stages:
Condensation – the change in state from a gas to a liquid.
Evaporation – the process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change
to a gas.
Precipitation – any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface in the form of rain,
snow, sleet or hail.
Runoff – the process where remaining water runs off the land’s surface into streams and lakes.
Transpiration – the process by which liquid water is lost as water vapor through the leaves of plants.
The cycling of water through Earth’s systems are driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity.
Which two stages of the Water Cycle are driven by energy from the sun?
Evaporation and Transpiration are driven by energy from the sun.
Which two stages of the Water Cycle are driven by the force of gravity?
Precipitation and Runoff are driven by the force of gravity.
Competition-Two species live in the same habitat and have the same food requirements.
Predation-One species eats another species-to be specific, one animal eats another animal.
Symbiosis-aka symbiotic relationship-two species live close together and at least one of the
species benefits.
*There are 3 kinds of symbiotic relationships:
Parasitism-a relationship in which one organism lives in, off, or on another organism and harms
it. One species is helped and the other is harmed.
Mutualism-A relationship in which both species benefit. Both species are helped.
Commensalism-in this relationship, one species benefits and the other is neither helped nor
harmed.
Producer-an organism that makes its’ own food through the process of photosynthesis. Mainly
plants but a few bacteria also perform photosynthesis.
Consumer-an organism that eats another organism.
Herbivore-an animal that eats only plants.
Omnivore-an animal that eats both plants and animals.
Carnivore-an animal that eats only other animals.
Decomposers-organisms that break down dead cells into simpler substances.
Biotic-biotic components are the living things in an ecosystem.
Abiotic-refers to non-living parts of an ecosystem.
This is the chemical equation for photosynthesis:
Reactants
Energy
Products
Photosynthesis is how energy and matter enter the ecosystem.
The arrows in a food web show which organisms are being eaten by other organisms. They also
show the flow of energy inside the ecosystem.
What gas enters plants during photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide
What gas leaves plants during photosynthesis? Oxygen
IV. Cell Parts and Functions:
Identify the function of each organelle (cell part). You will need to recognize each in a sketch.
Cell Wall – tough, outer protective covering of a plant cell; provides shape and support
Mitochondria – uses sugar to make energy for the cell
Chloroplast – uses sunlight to make energy in the form of food for the plant cell
Nucleus – controls all cell processes; cell’s command center
Vacuole – stores water and other things for use by the cell
Which two cell parts listed above are found only in plant cells? Cell wall and chloroplasts
Which two cell parts listed above are used for energy in cells? Mitochondria and chloroplasts
V. Microscopes:
Know the function of the parts of a microscope. You will need to be able to identify them from a
model.
Diaphragm – used to adjust the amount of light that shines on the specimen
Revolving nosepiece – rotates to change the objective lens in order to change the magnification
Fine adjustment knob – used to focus the specimen into more detail
Coarse adjustment knob – used to first locate the object and bring it into view
Calculate the total magnification for a specimen by multiplying the eyepiece magnification and the
objective lens magnification.
How should you carry a microscope? Hold the microscope with one hand around the arm/neck of the
microscope and the other supporting the microscope under the base.