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Timeline of History
The Cell
Cell Theory

All living things are made up of cells
(organisms are either unicellular or
multicellular)

Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things

All cells arise from preexisting cells
Cell Organelles
“little organs”
 specialized parts of the cell which carry
out specific life functions

Bacteria - Prokaryotes
Lacks Nucleus
 Has Cell Wall ( Most of the time )
 DOES NOT have membrane bound
organelle

Eukaryotes
Have Nucleus
 Has membrane bound organelle

1. Cell ( Plasma ) Membrane
separates cell from surrounding environment
 controls the movement of molecules into or
out of the cell
 selectively permeable (semi-permeable)
 visible with the compound microscope

Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure



flexible structure with freely moving
pieces
composed mainly of lipids and proteins
fluid mosaic model animation
Draw What I Draw
Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure

proteins extend through the membrane or
(transport proteins)

other proteins on outside act as receptors
for communication
Cell Membrane
2. Cytoplasm



watery material between the cell
membrane and the nucleus
suspends organelles
site of chemical reactions
3. Nucleus
contains DNA -Genetic Info
 surrounded by a nuclear
membrane that has pores
 visible under the
compound light
microscope

Nucleus
4. Nucleolus
site of ribosome synthesis
 located within the nucleus

5. Ribosomes

site of Protein Synthesis

Using information from DNA
6. Endoplasmic Reticulum

network of channels for carrying
substances from one part of the cell to
another
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)

Rough ER is dotted with Ribosomes to
make enzymes to be secreted from the
cell
There are two types of endoplasmic
reticulum (ER)

Smooth ER lacks Ribosomes. Deal with
taking out toxins from the body
7. Golgi apparatus
8. Golgi apparatus
stacks of membranes forming flattened sacs
 Process, Package, (transported out of the cell)

Golgi apparatus animation
Endomembrane system animation
Exocytosis – release of a substance outside of the cell
membrane by the fusion of a vacuole
9. Lysosomes
sac of digestive
enzymes
 digest organic
molecules, worn-out
cell structures,
harmful bacteria

10. Vacuoles

variety of functions:
1) food vacuoles
2) contractile vacuoles in freshwater
protists pump out excess water
3) plant cells have a large central
vacuole for water and nutrient storage
11. Mitochondria (Mitochondrion)
“powerhouse of the cell”
 site of cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen is
converted to energy in the form of ATP (
Energy)

12. Centrioles
found in pairs near cell
nucleus
 involved in cell division
 found in animal cells but not
plant cells

PLANT CELL:
Does NOT have Centrioles
 HAS Chloroplasts
 HAS Cell Wall 
13. Chloroplasts
found in plants,
algae
 contain
chlorophyll, a
green pigment
that absorbs
light to start
photosynthesi
s

Chloroplasts
14. Cell Wall
found in plant cells only
 made of cellulose
 provides protection &
structure for the cell;
prevents expansion
