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Transcript
Timeline of History The Cell Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells (organisms are either unicellular or multicellular) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things All cells arise from preexisting cells Cell Organelles “little organs” specialized parts of the cell which carry out specific life functions Bacteria - Prokaryotes Lacks Nucleus Has Cell Wall ( Most of the time ) DOES NOT have membrane bound organelle Eukaryotes Have Nucleus Has membrane bound organelle 1. Cell ( Plasma ) Membrane separates cell from surrounding environment controls the movement of molecules into or out of the cell selectively permeable (semi-permeable) visible with the compound microscope Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure flexible structure with freely moving pieces composed mainly of lipids and proteins fluid mosaic model animation Draw What I Draw Fluid Mosaic Model of Membrane Structure proteins extend through the membrane or (transport proteins) other proteins on outside act as receptors for communication Cell Membrane 2. Cytoplasm watery material between the cell membrane and the nucleus suspends organelles site of chemical reactions 3. Nucleus contains DNA -Genetic Info surrounded by a nuclear membrane that has pores visible under the compound light microscope Nucleus 4. Nucleolus site of ribosome synthesis located within the nucleus 5. Ribosomes site of Protein Synthesis Using information from DNA 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum network of channels for carrying substances from one part of the cell to another There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Rough ER is dotted with Ribosomes to make enzymes to be secreted from the cell There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth ER lacks Ribosomes. Deal with taking out toxins from the body 7. Golgi apparatus 8. Golgi apparatus stacks of membranes forming flattened sacs Process, Package, (transported out of the cell) Golgi apparatus animation Endomembrane system animation Exocytosis – release of a substance outside of the cell membrane by the fusion of a vacuole 9. Lysosomes sac of digestive enzymes digest organic molecules, worn-out cell structures, harmful bacteria 10. Vacuoles variety of functions: 1) food vacuoles 2) contractile vacuoles in freshwater protists pump out excess water 3) plant cells have a large central vacuole for water and nutrient storage 11. Mitochondria (Mitochondrion) “powerhouse of the cell” site of cellular respiration: glucose + oxygen is converted to energy in the form of ATP ( Energy) 12. Centrioles found in pairs near cell nucleus involved in cell division found in animal cells but not plant cells PLANT CELL: Does NOT have Centrioles HAS Chloroplasts HAS Cell Wall 13. Chloroplasts found in plants, algae contain chlorophyll, a green pigment that absorbs light to start photosynthesi s Chloroplasts 14. Cell Wall found in plant cells only made of cellulose provides protection & structure for the cell; prevents expansion