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Transcript
The Cell Principles of the Cell Theory: • 1. All living things are made of cells. • 2. Cells carry out the functions needed for life. • 3. Cells come only from other liing cells. Prokaryote vs Eurkaryote • Prokaryotes – No nucleus – DNA in the cytoplasm – Examples • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukaryotes – Have a Nucleus – DNA in the Nucleus – Examples: • • • • Animals Protists Fungi Plants Cell Organelles: • Tiny, membrane-bound structures that perform functions inside the cell Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 1. Nucleus – Nickname: “The Control Center” – Function: holds the DNA – Parts: • • Chromatin: strands that contain genetic material Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes – Plant and animal cells Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 2. Ribosomes – Function: makes proteins – Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic – Located: Cytoplasm Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – Nickname: “Roads” – Function: The internal delivery system of the cell – Located: Cytoplasm – Plant and animal cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 4. Golgi Complex – Nickname: The shippers – Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell – Appearance: stack of pancakes – Located: Cytoplasm – Plant and animal cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section: Ribosomes Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes) – Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” – Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells – Located: Cytoplasm – Plant and animal cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6. Mitochondria – Nickname: “The Powerhouse” – Function: Energy formation • Breaks down food to make ATP – ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy – Located: Cytoplasm – Plant and animal cells Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Section 7-2 Plant Cell Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 7. Vacuoles – Function: • Plant Cells – – – • Very large stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp » When there is no water, the plant wilts Animal Cells – – – Smaller than in plant cells Stores/releases waste products used in cellular digestion – Located: Cytoplasm Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 8. Chloroplasts – Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell – Located: Cytoplasm – Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment – Plant cells Chloroplasts Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cell Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 9. Cell Wall – Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane – Located: Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells