Download Cells

CHAPTER 7:
CELL STRUCTURE
AND
FUNCTION
Scanning Electron Microscope: Specimen Cells
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/electronmicroscopy/magnify1/index.html
Fat cells
Nerve Cells
Red Blood Cells
More Cells
More Cells!
7-1 Life Is Cellular
A. The Discovery of the Cell
1. Early Microscopes
• Robert Hooke- Used compound microscope
to look at a slice of cork
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek- Observed tiny living
things in pond water
2. The Cell Theory
• Mathias Schleiden-Concluded all plants are made of
cells
• Theodor Schwann- Stated all animals are made of
cells
• Rudolf Virchow- Concluded new cells come from
existing cells
Cell Theory:
•  All living things are composed of _____
cells
•  Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things
•  New cells are produced from
Existing cells
____________
B.
Exploring the Cell
1. Electron Microscope (TEM & SEM)
-Specimen placed in a vacuum
http://www.mos.org/sln/sem/
2. Scanning Probe Microscope
-1990 development of fine probe microscope
ordinary air
-operates in _______________
-can even show samples in solution
C. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
0.2 micrometers
• cells vary in size from _________________1000 micrometers
___________________
• viruses are not cells
Prokaryotic cell
Cell membrane
Eukaryotic cell
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Organelles
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Prokaryotes
Common to Both
before
 pro=__________
 contain
DNA
__________
 karyote= kernel
(nucleus)
 Cell
 generally smaller
membrane
 less complicated
 no
Membrane
bound
organelles
 Ex: Kingdom
Monera
- Eubacteria
- Archaea
Eukaryotes
true
 Eu= ___________
 Karyote=kernel
(nucleus)
 Generally larger
 Contain
membrane bound
organelles (“little
organs”)
 Ex:
Plants,
animals, fungi,
and protists
Eukaryotic Cell vs. Prokaryotic cell
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm
artists rendition of the plant cell
Section 7-2
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Ribosome
(free)
Chloroplast
Ribosome
(attached)
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
envelope
Cell wall
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Plant Cell
artists rendition of an animal cell
Animal cell
http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm
Animal Cell
Ribosome
(attached)
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
(free)
Cell
Membrane
Mitochondrion
Smooth
endoplasmic
reticulum
Centrioles
7-4 The Diversity of Cellular Life
A. Unicellular Organisms (single celled)
• Unicellular organisms _________
outnumber multicellular
organisms
• Examples: Yeast, algae, bacteria
B. Multicellular Organisms (many celled)
• Cells become ___________
specialized to perform different
tasks
• Cells need to communicate and cooperate
C. Levels of Organization
•  The levels of organization in a multicellular organism
are:
individual CELLS
TISSUES
ORGANS
Section
Muscle cell
Smooth muscle
( ti ssue)
Stomach
(organ)
ORGAN
SYSTEMS
Digesti ve system
(organ system)
1. Tissues= Group of similar cells that perform a particular function
• Four types of tissue:
- muscle
- epithelial
- nervous
- connective
2. Organs= Groups of tissues
•
Ex. bicep muscle is mad of muscle, connective, and nervous
tissue
3. Organ Systems= Group of organs that work together to
perform a specific function.