Download CELLS, CELLS and MORE CELLS I. Background In the very late

CELLS, CELLS and MORE CELLS
I. Background
In the very late 1600’s-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek developed high
quality lenses and the 1st light microscope.
Anton looked at pond water and he saw the first single celled called
-“animalcules”
Robert Hooke studied cork and noticed tiny compartments that he named CELLS.
**CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF ALL FORMS OF LIFE**
Matthias Schleiden-looked at plant cells (A Botanist)
Theodor Schwann-animal cells
II. CELL THEORY
1) All living things are made up of one or more cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of life
3) All cells come from pre-existing cells
III. Microscopes
1. Light Microscope
a. Magnified up to 1,000 times
b. Uses light to view objects
2. Electron Microscopes
a. Uses
electrons
b. 1950’s
c. Dead/preserved specimens
d. Magnifies about 1,000,000 times
3. Scanning Electron Microscope
a. Studies the surface structure of cells
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMAL CELLS
A. Plants have/animals don’t:
-Cell Wall-maintains shape of the cell and is used as a protective barrier
Made up of Polysaccharides
-Chloroplasts-Contain chlorophyll
-Large Central Vacuole-used for storage
B. Animals have/plants don’t
-Centrioles-play a role in cell division
-Lysosomes-responsible for the digestion of materials brought into the cell
II-Cell Types
Prokaryotes
1) No nucleus
2) No membrane bound or complex organelles
3) Simple, first to evolve and are VERY small
4) Example-bacteria
Eukaryotes
1) *Have a nucleus*
2) Have membrane bound or COMPLEX organelles
3) Very complex, evolved after prokaryotes
4) Examples-plants & animals
CELLULAR ORGANIZATION
A. Unicellular-Has 1 cell
-Tend to be more complex as 1 cell, than a single cell from a multicellular
organismsExamples-Bacteria
-Prokaryotes
-Must perform all the functions of a large, multicellular organism
B. Multicellular
-More complex
-Made up of many cells
-Advantage is cells are specialized
-Depend on other cells
-Plants/Animals
-Eukaryote
C. 5 Levels of organization:
CellsTissueOrganOrgan SystemOrganism
III. Cell Organelles
Chromosomes-made of DNA
Nucleolus-Inside nucleus, makes ribosomes
Lysosomes-ANIMALS ONLY! Digestive enzymes. They help to protect you by
destroying the bacteria that your white blood cells engulf
Microtubules/Microfilament-make up the cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton-internal framework of cell
Cilia-small, hair-like projections that help cells move
Flagella-long, whip-like structures used for movement
Centrioles-Animals ONLY, play a part in cell division
BOUNDARIES OF THE CELL
A. Plasma or Cell Membrane
-All Cells
-Only lets some things enter/Not everything.
-Helps to regulate the cells environment
-All cells have a cell membrane
-(Semi-permeable)
B. Cell Wall
-Permeable-allows everything in
-Made up of cellulose
-Found only in plant cells
-Used for structure and protection