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15 Genetic Engineering
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Chapter Test A
Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided.
_____ 1. Which of the following explains how teosinte may have been selectively bred to produce
corn?
a. Teosinte plants with the desired traits were hybridized until the desired traits appeared,
then the offspring were inbred.
b. Teosinte plants were randomly bred until the desired traits appeared, then the offspring
were hybridized.
c. Teosinte plants were hybridized with corn plants, and the resulting hybrids with the
desired traits were inbred.
d. Teosinte plants with similar characteristics were inbred until the desired traits were
produced.
_____ 2. Certain drugs can be used in plant breeding to make polyploid plants. These drugs
a. change the number of chromosomes found in cells.
b. change eukaryotic plants into prokaryotic plants.
c. frequently cause mutations, which create new alleles and genes.
d. insert foreign DNA into plant chromosomes.
_____ 3. Suppose a bacterial culture was transformed with recombinant plasmids containing a gene
for resistance to penicillin. The bacterial culture was then treated with penicillin. Which of
the following statements will happen to the transformed bacteria?
a. They will die.
c. They will undergo PCR.
b. They will live.
d. They will become polyploid.
_____ 4. During transformation,
a. a prokaryote is changed into a eukaryote.
b. a cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
c. foreign DNA is inserted into a plasmid.
d. the chromosome of a bacterium is mutated.
_____ 5. Why are plasmids so widely used in recombinant DNA studies?
a. because it is difficult to insert new genes into them
b. because they can be used to transform bacteria
c. because they naturally contain much foreign DNA
d. because they cannot be cut with restriction enzymes
_____ 6. Why is inserting plasmids in yeast more complex than inserting them into bacteria?
a. Yeasts are prokaryotes.
c. Yeasts are hybrids.
b. Yeasts are eukaryotes.
d. Yeasts are inbred.
_____ 7. Which of the following is a pair of transgenic organisms?
a. a hybridized peach tree and bacteria that make human insulin
b. a Bt corn plant and a polyploid banana tree
c. a hybridized peach tree and a polyploid banana tree
d. bacteria that make human insulin and a Bt corn plant
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_____ 8. Dolly is a sheep produced by cloning. Which of the following is a difference between Dolly
and animals produced by sexual reproduction?
a. The source of Dolly’s DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual.
b. The DNA molecules in each of Dolly’s cells are identical.
c. Dolly has a mix of genes from her foster mother and the sheep that donated a nucleus of
one of its cells.
d. Dolly is genetically identical to her offspring.
_____ 9. GM crops that produce a higher yield per plant than unmodified crops would
a. produce more food for the same acreage.
b. produce less food for the same acreage.
c. produce more food but would use more land.
d. produce less food and require more land.
_____ 10. The procedure illustrated in Figure
15–1 is an example of
a. genetic testing.
b. DNA finger printing.
c. gene therapy.
d. cloning.
_____ 11. Gene therapy is successful if the
Figure 15–1
a. viruses carrying the replacement gene infect the person’s cells.
b. replacement gene is replicated in the person’s cells.
c. replacement gene is expressed in the person’s cells.
d. replacement gene is successfully spliced to viral DNA.
_____ 12. Which of the following correctly describes how DNA fingerprinting of certain genes can be
used to establish familial relationships?
a. The Y chromosome is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and mitochondrial
DNA is used to look for links to his father.
b. Plasmid DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and the Y chromosome
is used to look for links to her father.
c. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a son to his mother, and the Y
chromosome is used to look for links to his father.
d. Mitochondrial DNA is used to look for links from a girl to her mother, and plasmid DNA
is used to look for links to her father.
_____ 13. Which of the following is true of patents in biotechnology?
a. Scientists are only allowed to patent genes; they cannot patent techniques they use in the
lab.
b. A scientist who holds a patent can demand high fees that block others from doing certain
research.
c. Human genes cannot be patented because they belong to everyone.
d. Genetically modified foods cannot be patented.
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_____ 14. Which of the following findings, if true, would support an argument IN FAVOR of GM
foods?
a. Farmers using herbicide-resistant crops pollute groundwater more than farmers growing
non-GM crops.
b. The cost of using GM crops is prohibitively expensive for 75 percent of all farmers.
c. Farmers who grow GM crops have much higher yields than farmers growing unmodified
crops.
d. The populations of bees on farms growing insect-resistant crops are half as large as bee
populations on other farms.
_____ 15. Which statement below might be used by someone who is arguing against the use of GM
crops?
a. GM crops reduce the amount of land and energy that need to be devoted to agriculture
because they have high yields.
b. GM crops need more insecticide to be used than other crops because they grow faster.
c. The patents for the seeds of GM crops are held by big companies, which may raise prices
and force small farmers out of business.
d. No studies have shown that GM crops are dangerous to human health.
Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided.
16.
is the technique of selective breeding that maintains desirable
characteristics in a line of organisms, but increases the risk of genetic defects in certain animal
breeds.
17. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would
use the selective breeding technique of
.
18. Bananas planted as crops are
normal diploid number of chromosomes.
19.
plants which have 2 or 3 times the
are proteins that cut DNA at
specific sequences, as illustrated in Figure 15–2.
20. The human growth hormone produced by
bacteria is identical to the human growth hormone
produced by humans because both are coded by the same
DNA sequence.
Figure 15–2
Answers - Chapter 15 —Test A
Multiple Choice
1. a 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. b 6. b 7. d 8. a 9. a
10. c 11. c 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. c
Completion
16. Inbreeding 17. hybridization 18. polyploid 19. Restriction enzymes
20. transgenic genetically engineered