* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download © 2010–2015 Edusmart 1 Plant vs Animal Cell Note
Survey
Document related concepts
Tissue engineering wikipedia , lookup
Signal transduction wikipedia , lookup
Cytoplasmic streaming wikipedia , lookup
Extracellular matrix wikipedia , lookup
Cell encapsulation wikipedia , lookup
Cellular differentiation wikipedia , lookup
Programmed cell death wikipedia , lookup
Cell membrane wikipedia , lookup
Cell growth wikipedia , lookup
Cell nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Cell culture wikipedia , lookup
Organ-on-a-chip wikipedia , lookup
Cytokinesis wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Plant vs Animal Cell Note-taking Guide Eukaryotic Cell chromosomes, nucleus, eukaryotic, DNA, pores, prokaryotic, proteins, envelope Cells within us are collectively responsible for the production and transport of __________________ to different parts of our body at different times. The nucleus is a large, almost spherical structure inside the cell. Cells with a nucleus are called ____________________ cells and are found in higher groups of organisms like plants and animals. The nucleus controls all activities taking place inside a eukaryotic cell and it uses the information stored in the cell’s genetic material known as ______; which is packaged into chromosomes that are present within a double membrane structure called the nuclear ________________. The nuclear envelope separates ______________________ and other contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell. It is not a continuous structure, but has tiny __________ that control the flow materials going in and out of the nucleus. The nucleus is absent in lower groups of organisms like bacteria, and such cells are said to be ______________________. Since prokaryotic cells lack a ______________, their DNA floats freely in their cytoplasm. © 2010–2015 Edusmart 1 Cytoplasm eukaryotic, shape, organelles, cytoplasm, transport, production The ______________________ is a jelly-like material present between the nucleus and the cell's outer boundary. This is the area where most cellular activity like ____________________ of substances, __________________ of food and wastes etc. occurs. The cytoplasm also gives the cell its __________ and is the site of many chemical reactions necessary for life. Present within the cytoplasm of ____________________ cells are many membrane-bound structures that carry out a specific function in the cell. These structures are called ____________________. Organelles golgi, double membrane, glucose, endoplasmic reticulum, surface area, ribosomes, mitochondrion, powerhouses, surface, cristae, matrix The network of membranes in the cell called the _________________________________________, which is the site where proteins are produced and assembled. Present on the endoplasmic reticulum are tiny attendants or organelles called __________________, which make proteins. Cells use the energy from ______________ to do work. The organelle that breaks down glucose is called the __________________________. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles that are present inside all eukaryotic cells and are often called the energy centers or ______________________ of the cell. © 2010–2015 Edusmart 2 Like the nucleus, a mitochondrion is also surrounded by a ________________________________. In a mitochondrion the outer membrane is smooth while the inner membrane has many folds called ______________. The folds of the inner membrane increase the ________________________ for energyproducing chemical reactions to occur. The mitochondrion is also filled with a fluid called the ____________. The __________ apparatus consists of membrane-bound stacks called the cisternae. Once a protein is tagged, the golgi apparatus sends it on its way by budding off vesicles containing the protein, from its ______________. The Cell Membrane glucose, semi-permeable, limited extent, oxygen, freely The cell membrane or the plasma membrane is ________________________________. This means that the membrane can either let a substance pass through ____________, pass through to a __________________________, or not pass through at all. The plasma membrane prevents certain harmful substances from entering the cell, whereas vital substances such as ____________________________, and some proteins are allowed to cross easily. © 2010–2015 Edusmart 3 Plant vs Animal Cell: Cell Wall impermeable, mitochondria, movement, cytoplasm, nucleus, support, structure, cellulose, eukaryotic, cell wall Both plant and animal cells are both ____________________ and possess a cell membrane, __________________, and organelles like the ______________ and ________________________. Plant cells have a structure outside the cell membrane called the __________________. It is made up of a complex sugar called __________________. The cell wall is mainly _______________________ in most parts except for where there are tiny holes. These holes permit the ________________ of different substances. The rigid cell wall gives ______________ and __________________ to the plant cell and its contents, much like our skeletal system does with our organs. Plant vs Animal Cell: Chloroplast chlorophyll, chloroplasts, thylakoids, green, double membrane-bound, grana Only plant cells have ________________________. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts are also __________________________________________ organelles and convert energy from one form to another. Within the chloroplast are disc-shaped structures called ____________________, which are generally arranged in stacks. These stacks of thylakoids are called __________. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called ______________________ that converts light energy to chemical energy that is used to make food. This pigment within chloroplasts also gives plants their __________ color. © 2010–2015 Edusmart 4 Plant vs Animal Cell: Vacuole vacuoles, contamination, storage, plant, shape, water, one, animal lose, pigments, numerous, A vacuole is a fluid-filled sac that serves as a ______________ area for the cell. It is much larger and more distinct in __________ cells than in ____________ cells. Animal cells have ________________ vacuoles while plant cells have just ______. A vacuole can store food that the cell may later use for survival. It also stores waste to prevent other parts of the cell from __________________________. In plant cells, vacuoles store __________ as well as __________________ that give flowers their colors. A leaf droops when water is not available because vacuoles in the plant cells ________ water and shrink. The __________, though, remains intact because of the cell wall. When the plant finds a new source of water, the ________________ are refilled and the plant regains its structure. The Cell Theory structure, the cell theory, cells, metabolic, life, basic, all As microscopes improved and scientists were able to observe cells, they realized and accepted that the cell is the __________ unit of ________. Around 1838, scientists officially formulated what is still widely accepted and known as "______________________________”. The cell theory states that: ______ organisms are made up of one or more __________, the cell is the basic unit of ________________________ in all organisms, and all __________________ functions of life takes place inside a cell. © 2010–2015 Edusmart 5