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Developed the first
microscope.
He built over 240
microscopes
He was the first to
describe living cells
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Examined a slice of cork from
the bark of an oak tree.
He observed that cork was
composed of tiny hollow
boxes.
He called these boxes cells.
His descriptions led other
scientists to look for evidence
of cells.
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Concluded that all plants
are made of cells.
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Concluded that all animals are made of cells.
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1. All organisms are composed Cells
Multicellular
are
the
of one or more cells.
“bricks”
2. The cell is the basic unit of
of
life.
organization of organisms.
3. All cells come from
preexisting cells.
Unicellular
There are two basic types of cells.
1. Prokaryotes – Have NO
membrane-bound organelles.
2. Eukaryotes – DO have
membrane-bound organelles.
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A prokaryote is an organism with a cell
that lacks organelles surrounded by a
membrane.
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An organelle is a small, membrane-bound
structure in the cell. (little organs) The
most obvious organelle is the nucleus.
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eukaryote is an organism that has
membrane bound organelles (like a
nucleus), which allow different parts of
the cell to specialize in different
functions.
 Eukaryotes
are either unicellular or
multicellular.
ORGANELLES
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The nucleus
is only found
in eukaryotic
cells.
It is the
organelle that
controls all
cell functions.
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It is surrounded by a double, layered
membrane called the nuclear membrane.
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The nuclear membrane will control what
moves in and out of the nucleus.
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The nucleus is an organelle that contains
DNA. (deoxyribonucleic acid)
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The nucleus also
contains the nucleolus.
It is a dark structure in
the nucleus composed
of proteins and RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
It is the site where
ribosomes are made.
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The ER is a complex network
of membranes that form
channels, canals, and tubes
that are found throughout
the cytoplasm.
It functions as a transport
system moving materials
throughout the cell.
ER contains enzymes that
aid in the synthesis of lipids.
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Rough ER is
covered in
ribosomes and
is involved in
protein
synthesis.
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will not contain any ribosomes and is NOT involved
in protein synthesis..
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Is a series of closely stacked, flattened
membrane sacs.
- packages the new proteins & lipids it receives
from the ER into organelles called vesicles.
It may also
temporarily store
these materials if
they are not needed
at that time.
PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
VACUOLES
 It
is a sac of fluid surrounded by
a membrane.
 It’s
main function is to store
food, water, enzymes, and other
materials needed by the cell.
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It is a small membranebordered organelle that
contains digestive
enzymes.
Its function is to digest
excess or worn out cell
part, food particles, and
invading viruses or
bacteria.
They are also known as
suicide sacs because they
sometimes digest the cell
that contains them.
lysosome
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Is a membrane-bound organelle that
changes food molecules into usable
energy (ATP).
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The cristae of the inner membrane
provide a large surface area in a small
place where energy-storing molecules
are produced.
Transforms light energy into usable chemical
energy and stores the energy in food molecules.
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Is an organelle that can be found in plants and some protists.
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They contain molecules of chlorophyll, a green pigment that
traps the energy from sunlight and gives the organism a
green color.
Other Cell Structures
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Also called the PLASMA MEMBRANE
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It serves as a flexible boundary between the cell
and the external environment.
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It also controls the movement of materials
that enter and exit the cell through a
process called selective permeability.
The cell membrane is a bilayer made up of
lipid molecules (lipids are fats and oils).
 Protein molecules are also embedded in the
lipid layer.
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Protein molecules
Lipid bilayer
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Is located outside the cell
membrane and gives the cell
rigidity.
It is a porous structure that allows
substances to pass through it
easily.
Organisms with a cell wall can be
found in 5 of the 6 Kingdoms of
life: Eubacteria, Archeabacteria,
Fungi, some Protista and Plants.
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It is the area between
the cell membrane
and the nucleus.
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It provides shape and
support for the cell
and it’s organelles.
The Cytoplasm also contains a network of
thin, fibrous elements called a cytoskeleton.
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The cytoskeleton is mainly composed of
hollow cylinders called microtubules and
solid protein fibers called microfilaments.
Shortcut to Brief_History_of_the_Cell_4.21.lnk
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Are involved in the production of enzymes and other
proteins (protein synthesis) according to the directions
of the DNA.
Proteins
Ribosome
mRNA
They can be found
throughout the entire
cell, but they are
commonly associated
with the rough
endoplasmic reticulum.
Animal cells will
contain a pair of
centrioles that lie
just outside the
nucleus.
 The centrioles are
important when
the cell is dividing.
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Cells can contain cilia or flagella,
which are made of microtubules.
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In single-celled organisms, cilia and flagella are
the major means of locomotion.
cilia
flagellum
Are short, numerous, hairlike projections
from the plasma membrane.
Are long projections from the cell membrane
that move with a whip-like motion.