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Genetics and Reproduction
Vocabulary
Sexual reproduction
 A form of reproduction that involves the fusion of both male
and female cells (gametes) to create unique and different
offspring. DNA exchange takes place
Asexual reproduction
 A form of reproduction where only one parent is needed,
and the offspring is an exact or identical copy of the parent.
There is no exchange of DNA and no variety
Types of Asexual Reproduction: Binary
Fission
 When one cell splits into 2 parts and each new cell contains
identical copies of DNA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgLJrvoX_qo
Types of asexual reproduction: Budding
 The formation of a growth of an organism that can separate
and become a new individual organism
Why be asexual?
 Fast reproduction
 Don’t have to spend time or energy looking for a mate
 If you live in a place without a lot of mate options you don’t
have to worry if you can reproduce
 Lots of offspring (kids) in short period of time
Why reproduce sexually
 Offspring will all be genetically different
 The variation of offspring will allow them to survive in
different situations and environments
Asexual Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction
# of parents
1 (no gender or female)
2: male and female
Genes of offspring
Identical Clone of parent
Mixture of both parents
Time
Many kids very quickly
(minutes)
1 or few kids very slowly
(months)
Cells required
1 cell turns to 2
2 cells merge into 1
Why Beneficial
Fast, and no need for mates
Not a lot of energy
Offspring more likely to
survive in different
environements
DAY 2
Trait
 A characteristic, quality, or feature of something
Inherited trait
 traits that were inherited in an organism’s genes and DNA.
They were received from their parents
Acquired Trait
 A trait that is learned, acquired or developed by an organism-
Not resulting from genes
Inherited Vs. Acquired
Inherited
Both
Acquired
Allergies
intelligence
weight
Cancer
Height
Cold or flu
Eye color
Personality
Skin color
Talents Blood Type Amputation
ABO/AB (lost limb)
DAY 3
Gene
 a specific section of DNA that codes for a protein or a trait
Allele
 an alternative form of a gene (an option for a gene)
 Gene= eye color
 Allele= blue, green, brown, gray
 Gene= Hairline
 Allele= Striaght, widow’s peak
Dominant allele
 The allele that will always show up in the Physical appearance
if it is present
 Represented by a capital letter (R)
Recessive Allele
 The allele that will only show up in the phenotype if there is
not dominant allele
 Represented by a lowercase letter (r)
Genotype
 The combination of alleles- or the genes an organism
possesses
 3 possibilities
 Two dominant (1 from Dad 1from mom= RR)
 Two Recessive (1 from Dad 1 from mom = rr)
 1 of each (1 from either mom or dad Rr)
Phenotype
 The physical appearance of an organism’s genes