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Name: _______________________________________ Block: ______ Genetics & Heredity Review Sheet: Define & give example : Genotype – An organism’s __genetic___ ___makeup________ Ex: __BB or Gg_ Phenotype – An organism’s __physical _ __appearance_____ Ex: __Blue eyes_ Dominant gene – The trait that will show up when _it’s allele is present in the genotype________________. We show it by using __CAPITAL__ letters. Recessive gene – The trait that will show up only when _it is the only allele present (no dominant allele to “take over). We show it by using _lowercase_letters. Answer: Where do an organism’s traits come from? Directly from _parents______. Two forms of the gene for the same trait are called __alleles_________. Where are genes located? ____on chromosomes_____________________. Where are chromosomes located? ____DNA (in nucleus)________________. DNA is the __blueprint_____________ for the organism. # of chromosomes a normal (not gametes) human cell has ? _46 (23 pairs) Be able to do a Punnett Square: Parents: BB and Bb (for Brown eyes B and blue eyes b) B What % will have brown eyes? 100% BB What % will have blue eyes? 0% B What % are homozygous? 50% What % are heterozygous? 50% Bb b B BB Bb Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction: Explain two advantages and disadvantages for each type of reproduction: Sexual Advantages: Disadvantages: produces genetic variety have to find mate & & species can survive takes longer changing environments. Asexual does not have to find No genetic variety; mate & takes less time. cannot survive change What evidence in a species would indicate the type of reproduction involved? If asexual reproduction, all of the species would be exactly alike (looks, genes, etc). If sexual reproduction, there would be a variety of traits. Give an example of a type of organism that reproduces using each method. Asexual – Bacteria, many single celled organisms Sexual – Humans, many plants, dogs, cats, etc. Mitosis vs. Meiosis: Mitosis # of cells at the end of the process # chromosomes at the end Type of cell that does this Genetic variety: are cells genetically the same or different? Meiosis 2 4 Full amount (46 for humans) “Regular” cells (skin, blood, etc) Half amount (23 for humans) Same Different Gametes (egg/sperm) Give examples of: Genetic engineering: A glowing tobacco plant or cloned sheep Mutation: Sickle cell anemia (blood disease from change in DNA) Learned/Inherited Behaviors: Talking is learned, making sounds is inherited