Download cell structure and function review

NAME ____________________________ PERIOD _____
CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION REVIEW
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle all that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN ONE correct
answer.
1. Which
a.
b.
c.
of the following is TRUE of a cell membranes?
Cell membranes allow ALL substances to pass through easily
It is selectively permeable so only certain molecules can pass through it.
It acts more like a fluid than a solid because its molecules are constantly
moving – this demonstrates the “fluid mosaic model”
d. Cell membranes surround all animal, plant, and bacterial cells.
e. It is a bilayer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins
2. The nucleus can include all of the following parts EXCEPT
____________________
a. mitochondria
b. Nuclear envelope
c. DNA
d. Nucleolus
e. Chromatin
3. Substances produced in a cell and exported outside of the cell would pass
through __________________
a. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
b. mitochondria and Golgi apparatus
c. nucleus and lysosomes
d. vacuoles and mitochondria
4. Cells, such as those found in your muscles, which require lots of energy would
probably have many ____________________.
a. Nuclei
b. Flagella
c. Mitochondria
d. Lysosomes
5. Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell wants to get rid of are broken
down in ______________
a. Ribosomes
b. Mitochondria
c. Rough ER
d. Lysosomes
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6. Mitochondria, when they burn glucose, store the released energy as
______________________.
a. DNA
b. ATP
c. SER
d. RNA
7. The structures that synthesize proteins in cells are the
____________________.
a. Ribosomes
b. Golgi apparatus
c. Lysosomes
d. Vacuoles
8. Cell membranes form because the hydrophobic tails on phospholipids try to
________ water.
a. be near
b. stay away from
9. The cells organelles that are surrounded by DOUBLE MEMBRANES and can only
be associated with EUKARYOTIC CELLS include:
a. nucleus, ER, and lysosomes
b. nucleus, vacuoles, and chloroplasts
c. nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
d. ER, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles
10. Which
a.
b.
c.
d.
two macromolecules compose cell membranes?
carbohydrates and water
polysaccharides and nucleic acids
lipids and proteins
nucleic acids and lipids
11. One difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that _______________.
a. prokaryotes are surrounded by a cell membrane and eukaryotes are not
b. prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes don’t
c. eukaryotes have DNA and prokaryotes don’t
d. eukaryotes have membranes around their nucleus and organelles and
prokaryotes don’t
12. Vacuoles are _______________ in plant cells than in animal cells.
a. Smaller
b. Larger
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Name two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells.
____________________________
____________________________
Tell one way you can tell this cell is
NOT A PLANT CELL:
___________________________________
Tell one way you can tell this cell is
NOT A BACTERIA:
___________________________________
Name each cell, and circle whether it is prokaryotic (P) or eukaryotic (E):
_____________ CELL
P
_____________ CELL
E
P
____________ CELL
E
P
E
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CELL THEORY
1. All living things are ____________________________.
2. Cells are the basic unit of _______________ & ______________
in an organism (= basic unit of life)
3. All cells come from __________________________
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CELL SIZE IS LIMITED!!!
The _____________ of a cell increases faster than its
____________________ so cells must divide instead of continuing to grow
larger in order to be able to exchange materials with its _________________.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLS
TRAIT
BACTERIA
PLANT CELL
Prokaryote or
Eukaryote?
What encloses
Cytoplasm of Cell?
Presence of
Nuclear
Membrane?
Presence of Cell
Wall?
Simple or complex
DNA?
Vacuoles – Small,
Large, None?
Are Lysosomes
present?
Chloroplasts?
Cell Size – Small
or Very Small?
Mitochondria?
Ribosomes?
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ANIMAL CELL
NUMBER AND NAME THESE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE CORRECT
ORDER FROM SIMPLEST TO MOST COMPLEX. 1=simplest; 8=most complex
____
_______________
Choices:
Organ
Cell
Organ system
Tissue
Molecule
Organelle
Atom
Organism
_____ ______________
_____
_______________
_____
_______________
_____
_______________
_____
_______________
_____
_______________
_____
______________
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THE WORD BEGINS WITH?
1. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function is the
_O_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
2. Dark spot(s) in the nucleus where ribosomes are made would be the
_N_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
3. Sac of digestive enzymes = _L_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
4. _R_ __ __ __ __ ER is covered by ribosomes and sends its modified proteins
to the Golgi apparatus.
5. The _C_ __ __ __ _W_ __ __ __ is found outside the cell membrane in
plants and bacteria and provides support and protection.
6. _C_ __ __ __ __ are many short hair-like structures on the surface of a
cell that help move the cell or move substances past the cell.
7. These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP
= _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
8. The molecule used by cells to store genetic information = __ __ __
9. An organism with a nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by
membranes = _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
10. The _N_ __ __ __ __ __ __ is surrounded by a double membrane, contains
the cells DNA, and acts as the control center.
11. One or two long, hair-like structures called _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
extend from the surface of cells and help move the cell.
12. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the gel-like material plus the cell’s
organelles.
13. Molecule used by mitochondria to store energy = __ __ __
14. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is made of microtubules and
microfilaments in the cytoplasm that provide support and give the cell its
shape.
15. A cell membrane is a lipid _B_ __ __ __ __ __ __ because the
phospholipids line up in TWO ROWS to try and keep their
_H_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ tails away from H2O.
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16. The _P_ __ __ __ ___ ___ _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ surrounds all
cells and is _S_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
17. The function of ribosomes is to make _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
18. _P_ __ __ __ __ and animal cells are both
_E_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.
19. ER is an abbreviation for _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
_R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
20. __ __ __ __ __ __ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached.
21. The thylakoid sacs found inside a _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are
where photosynthesis happens in plant cells.
22. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ have a polar head and two
non-polar tails to make cell membranes.
23. The _G_ __ __ __ __
_A_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ looks like a stack
of pancakes and packages molecules for transport out of the cell. It acts like
the post office.
24. _B_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ would be examples of cells that are
PROKARYOTES.
25. Space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste =
_V_ __ __ __ __ __ __
26. _R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are small structures that make proteins.
27. A _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is an organism like a bacteria with NO
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES.
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STUFF TO KNOW>>>
Be able to state the cell theory. ALL ORGANISMS MADE OF CELLS;
CELLS BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION; CELLS COME FROM
EXISTING CELLS
How do cells compare is size?
PLANT CELL > ANIMAL CELL > BACTERIAL CELL
CELL MEMBRANE:
What are cell membranes made of? PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS
How are membranes arranged?
PHOSPHOLIPIDS make a BILAYER with POLAR HEADS FACING OUT and
HYDROPHOBIC TAILS FACING IN
Which molecule in cell membranes helps cells recognize “self”?
GLYCOPROTEINS
What is the cell membrane’s function? CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND
LEAVES CELL; HOMEOSTASIS
What do we call membranes that allow certain molecules pass through
and keep others out? = SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE
NUCLEUS:
What is the nucleus like? Has a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and CONTAINS DNA
What structure surrounds the DNA and controls what enters and leaves the
nucleus? : NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
What is the dark spot in the nucleus called? NUCLEOLUS
What is the job of the nucleolus? MAKES RIBOSOMES
What do we call DNA that is TIGHTLY PACKED in DIVIDING CELLS? =
CHROMOSOMES
What do we call DNA that is SPREAD OUT in NON-DIVIDING CELLS? =
CHROMATIN
What is the function of the nucleus? CONTROL CENTER of cell; CONTAINS
DNA
CYTOPLASM:
What is the gel-like material and organelles called inside the cell
membrane? CYTOPLASM
MITOCHONDRIA:
Looks like/Made of ?: Have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and OWN DNA
What is the folded inner membrane called? = CRISTAE
What is the function of mitochondria? POWERPLANT
What molecules is burned for fuel in mitochondria? BURNS GLUCOSE
Mitochondria store the energy released from burning glucose as which
molecule? ATP
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GOLGI BODIES:
Made of: MEMBRANE SACS
Looks like: STACK OF PANCAKES
What is the function of Golgi bodies? SORT and PACKAGE MOLECULES FOR
TRANSPORT OUT OF CELL
How do materials get to & from Golgi? RECEIVES PROTEINS FROM ROUGH
ER IN VESICLES AT CIS FACE; MODIFIED & SHIPPED IN VESICLES FROM TRANS
FACE
CENTRIOLES:
What do centrioles look like? LOG-LIKE STRUCTURES made of PROTEINS
Centrioles are found ONLY in which kind of cells? ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
What is the function of Centrioles? PULL CHROMOSOMES APART DURING
CELL DIVISON
RIBOSOMES:
Looks like: polka dots
Where are ribosomes found? FREE IN CYTOPLASM or ATTACHED TO
ROUGH ER
What is the function of ribosomes? MAKE PROTEINS
LYSOSOMES: (also called suicide sacs)
What are lysosomes? SAC OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
FUNCTION: BREAK DOWN FOOD, UNWANTED CELLS OR CELL PARTS
What is APOPTOSIS? Programmed cell death; Cell suicide for good of
organism
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER)
What is ER ?: NETWORK OF MEMBRANES
WITH RIBOSOMES ATTACHED = ROUGH ER
WITHOUT RIBOSOMES = SMOOTH ER
FUNCTIONS:
ROUGH ER- TUBULES; MAKES & TRANSPORT S PROTEINS FOR EXPORT FROM
CELLS
SMOOTH ER- MAKE LIPIDS & PROTEINS USED IN CELL, REGULATE
CALCIUM; BREAK DOWN TOXINS
CHLOROPLASTS:
What are chloroplasts like? Have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and OWN DNA
What are the membrane sacs inside chloroplasts called? = THYLAKOIDS
What is the only kind of cells that have chloroplasts? ONLY IN PLANTS
FUNCTION: PHOTOSYNTHESIS=USE SUNLIGHT TO MAKE FOOD
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VACUOLE:
What are vacuoles like? STORAGE SPACE
FUNCTION: STORES WATER, FOOD, ENZYMES, WASTE
How large are vacuoles? HUGE in PLANTS ; SMALL in ANIMALS; NOT in BACTERIA
CELL WALL
Where is the cell wall found? OUTSIDE CELL MEMBRANE
Which kind of cells have cell walls? PLANTS and BACTERIA
How are the cell walls in Plant cells and Bacterial cells different?
Plant cell walls contain CELLULOSE = makes plants STURDY
Bacterial cell walls contain PEPTIDOGLYCAN
What is the function of cell walls? SUPPORT, PROTECTION
WHICH CELL PARTS HAVE A DOUBLE MEMBRANE AND THEIR OWN
DNA? NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS
WHAT ARE CELLS CALLED THAT HAVE NO NUCLEUS and NO
ORGANELLES WITH MEMBRANES? PROKARYOTES
WHICH ARE CELLS CALLED THAT HAVE A NUCLEUS and ORGANELLES
WITH MEMBRANES? EUKARYOTES
WHICH KINDS OF CELLS ARE EUKARYOTES? PLANTS and ANIMALS
WHICH KINDS OF CELLS ARE PROKARYOTES? BACTERIA
BE ABLE TO COMPARE BACTERIA, PLANT, AND ANIMAL CELLS.
HOW ARE THEY ALIKE and DIFFERENT?
KNOW THE PARTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM. NUCLEAR
ENVELOPE, ROUGH ER,SMOOTH ER, CELL MEMBRANE
KNOW WHY THE SIZE A CELL CAN GROW TO IS LIMITED. VOLUME
INCREASES FASTER THAN SURFACE AREA (PLASMA MEMBRANE) SO
CELLS MUST DIVIDE IN ORDER TO HAVE ENOUGH SURFACE TO MOVE
MATERIALS INTO & OUT OF THE CELL
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