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NAME ____________________________ PERIOD _____ CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION REVIEW MULTIPLE CHOICE: Circle all that are TRUE. There may be MORE THAN ONE correct answer. 1. Which a. b. c. of the following is TRUE of a cell membranes? Cell membranes allow ALL substances to pass through easily It is selectively permeable so only certain molecules can pass through it. It acts more like a fluid than a solid because its molecules are constantly moving – this demonstrates the “fluid mosaic model” d. Cell membranes surround all animal, plant, and bacterial cells. e. It is a bilayer composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins 2. The nucleus can include all of the following parts EXCEPT ____________________ a. mitochondria b. Nuclear envelope c. DNA d. Nucleolus e. Chromatin 3. Substances produced in a cell and exported outside of the cell would pass through __________________ a. endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus b. mitochondria and Golgi apparatus c. nucleus and lysosomes d. vacuoles and mitochondria 4. Cells, such as those found in your muscles, which require lots of energy would probably have many ____________________. a. Nuclei b. Flagella c. Mitochondria d. Lysosomes 5. Viruses, bacteria, and old organelles that a cell wants to get rid of are broken down in ______________ a. Ribosomes b. Mitochondria c. Rough ER d. Lysosomes 1 6. Mitochondria, when they burn glucose, store the released energy as ______________________. a. DNA b. ATP c. SER d. RNA 7. The structures that synthesize proteins in cells are the ____________________. a. Ribosomes b. Golgi apparatus c. Lysosomes d. Vacuoles 8. Cell membranes form because the hydrophobic tails on phospholipids try to ________ water. a. be near b. stay away from 9. The cells organelles that are surrounded by DOUBLE MEMBRANES and can only be associated with EUKARYOTIC CELLS include: a. nucleus, ER, and lysosomes b. nucleus, vacuoles, and chloroplasts c. nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria d. ER, Golgi bodies, and vacuoles 10. Which a. b. c. d. two macromolecules compose cell membranes? carbohydrates and water polysaccharides and nucleic acids lipids and proteins nucleic acids and lipids 11. One difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that _______________. a. prokaryotes are surrounded by a cell membrane and eukaryotes are not b. prokaryotes have a nucleus and eukaryotes don’t c. eukaryotes have DNA and prokaryotes don’t d. eukaryotes have membranes around their nucleus and organelles and prokaryotes don’t 12. Vacuoles are _______________ in plant cells than in animal cells. a. Smaller b. Larger 2 Name two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT seen in animal cells. ____________________________ ____________________________ Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A PLANT CELL: ___________________________________ Tell one way you can tell this cell is NOT A BACTERIA: ___________________________________ Name each cell, and circle whether it is prokaryotic (P) or eukaryotic (E): _____________ CELL P _____________ CELL E P ____________ CELL E P E * * * * * * * * * * * CELL THEORY 1. All living things are ____________________________. 2. Cells are the basic unit of _______________ & ______________ in an organism (= basic unit of life) 3. All cells come from __________________________ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * CELL SIZE IS LIMITED!!! The _____________ of a cell increases faster than its ____________________ so cells must divide instead of continuing to grow larger in order to be able to exchange materials with its _________________. 3 CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLS TRAIT BACTERIA PLANT CELL Prokaryote or Eukaryote? What encloses Cytoplasm of Cell? Presence of Nuclear Membrane? Presence of Cell Wall? Simple or complex DNA? Vacuoles – Small, Large, None? Are Lysosomes present? Chloroplasts? Cell Size – Small or Very Small? Mitochondria? Ribosomes? 4 ANIMAL CELL NUMBER AND NAME THESE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION IN THE CORRECT ORDER FROM SIMPLEST TO MOST COMPLEX. 1=simplest; 8=most complex ____ _______________ Choices: Organ Cell Organ system Tissue Molecule Organelle Atom Organism _____ ______________ _____ _______________ _____ _______________ _____ _______________ _____ _______________ _____ _______________ _____ ______________ 5 THE WORD BEGINS WITH? 1. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function is the _O_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 2. Dark spot(s) in the nucleus where ribosomes are made would be the _N_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 3. Sac of digestive enzymes = _L_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4. _R_ __ __ __ __ ER is covered by ribosomes and sends its modified proteins to the Golgi apparatus. 5. The _C_ __ __ __ _W_ __ __ __ is found outside the cell membrane in plants and bacteria and provides support and protection. 6. _C_ __ __ __ __ are many short hair-like structures on the surface of a cell that help move the cell or move substances past the cell. 7. These sausage shaped organelles burn glucose and store the energy as ATP = _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 8. The molecule used by cells to store genetic information = __ __ __ 9. An organism with a nuclear membrane and organelles surrounded by membranes = _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 10. The _N_ __ __ __ __ __ __ is surrounded by a double membrane, contains the cells DNA, and acts as the control center. 11. One or two long, hair-like structures called _F_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ extend from the surface of cells and help move the cell. 12. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is the gel-like material plus the cell’s organelles. 13. Molecule used by mitochondria to store energy = __ __ __ 14. The _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is made of microtubules and microfilaments in the cytoplasm that provide support and give the cell its shape. 15. A cell membrane is a lipid _B_ __ __ __ __ __ __ because the phospholipids line up in TWO ROWS to try and keep their _H_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ tails away from H2O. 6 16. The _P_ __ __ __ ___ ___ _M_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ surrounds all cells and is _S_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 17. The function of ribosomes is to make _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 18. _P_ __ __ __ __ and animal cells are both _E_ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. 19. ER is an abbreviation for _E_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. 20. __ __ __ __ __ __ ER does NOT have ribosomes attached. 21. The thylakoid sacs found inside a _C_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are where photosynthesis happens in plant cells. 22. _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ have a polar head and two non-polar tails to make cell membranes. 23. The _G_ __ __ __ __ _A_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ looks like a stack of pancakes and packages molecules for transport out of the cell. It acts like the post office. 24. _B_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ would be examples of cells that are PROKARYOTES. 25. Space for storing food, water, enzymes, or waste = _V_ __ __ __ __ __ __ 26. _R_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ are small structures that make proteins. 27. A _P_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ is an organism like a bacteria with NO NUCLEAR MEMBRANE and NO MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES. 7 STUFF TO KNOW>>> Be able to state the cell theory. ALL ORGANISMS MADE OF CELLS; CELLS BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE & FUNCTION; CELLS COME FROM EXISTING CELLS How do cells compare is size? PLANT CELL > ANIMAL CELL > BACTERIAL CELL CELL MEMBRANE: What are cell membranes made of? PHOSPHOLIPIDS & PROTEINS How are membranes arranged? PHOSPHOLIPIDS make a BILAYER with POLAR HEADS FACING OUT and HYDROPHOBIC TAILS FACING IN Which molecule in cell membranes helps cells recognize “self”? GLYCOPROTEINS What is the cell membrane’s function? CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES CELL; HOMEOSTASIS What do we call membranes that allow certain molecules pass through and keep others out? = SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE NUCLEUS: What is the nucleus like? Has a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and CONTAINS DNA What structure surrounds the DNA and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus? : NUCLEAR MEMBRANE What is the dark spot in the nucleus called? NUCLEOLUS What is the job of the nucleolus? MAKES RIBOSOMES What do we call DNA that is TIGHTLY PACKED in DIVIDING CELLS? = CHROMOSOMES What do we call DNA that is SPREAD OUT in NON-DIVIDING CELLS? = CHROMATIN What is the function of the nucleus? CONTROL CENTER of cell; CONTAINS DNA CYTOPLASM: What is the gel-like material and organelles called inside the cell membrane? CYTOPLASM MITOCHONDRIA: Looks like/Made of ?: Have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and OWN DNA What is the folded inner membrane called? = CRISTAE What is the function of mitochondria? POWERPLANT What molecules is burned for fuel in mitochondria? BURNS GLUCOSE Mitochondria store the energy released from burning glucose as which molecule? ATP 8 GOLGI BODIES: Made of: MEMBRANE SACS Looks like: STACK OF PANCAKES What is the function of Golgi bodies? SORT and PACKAGE MOLECULES FOR TRANSPORT OUT OF CELL How do materials get to & from Golgi? RECEIVES PROTEINS FROM ROUGH ER IN VESICLES AT CIS FACE; MODIFIED & SHIPPED IN VESICLES FROM TRANS FACE CENTRIOLES: What do centrioles look like? LOG-LIKE STRUCTURES made of PROTEINS Centrioles are found ONLY in which kind of cells? ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS What is the function of Centrioles? PULL CHROMOSOMES APART DURING CELL DIVISON RIBOSOMES: Looks like: polka dots Where are ribosomes found? FREE IN CYTOPLASM or ATTACHED TO ROUGH ER What is the function of ribosomes? MAKE PROTEINS LYSOSOMES: (also called suicide sacs) What are lysosomes? SAC OF DIGESTIVE ENZYMES FUNCTION: BREAK DOWN FOOD, UNWANTED CELLS OR CELL PARTS What is APOPTOSIS? Programmed cell death; Cell suicide for good of organism ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) What is ER ?: NETWORK OF MEMBRANES WITH RIBOSOMES ATTACHED = ROUGH ER WITHOUT RIBOSOMES = SMOOTH ER FUNCTIONS: ROUGH ER- TUBULES; MAKES & TRANSPORT S PROTEINS FOR EXPORT FROM CELLS SMOOTH ER- MAKE LIPIDS & PROTEINS USED IN CELL, REGULATE CALCIUM; BREAK DOWN TOXINS CHLOROPLASTS: What are chloroplasts like? Have a DOUBLE MEMBRANE and OWN DNA What are the membrane sacs inside chloroplasts called? = THYLAKOIDS What is the only kind of cells that have chloroplasts? ONLY IN PLANTS FUNCTION: PHOTOSYNTHESIS=USE SUNLIGHT TO MAKE FOOD 9 VACUOLE: What are vacuoles like? STORAGE SPACE FUNCTION: STORES WATER, FOOD, ENZYMES, WASTE How large are vacuoles? HUGE in PLANTS ; SMALL in ANIMALS; NOT in BACTERIA CELL WALL Where is the cell wall found? OUTSIDE CELL MEMBRANE Which kind of cells have cell walls? PLANTS and BACTERIA How are the cell walls in Plant cells and Bacterial cells different? Plant cell walls contain CELLULOSE = makes plants STURDY Bacterial cell walls contain PEPTIDOGLYCAN What is the function of cell walls? SUPPORT, PROTECTION WHICH CELL PARTS HAVE A DOUBLE MEMBRANE AND THEIR OWN DNA? NUCLEUS, MITOCHONDRIA, CHLOROPLASTS WHAT ARE CELLS CALLED THAT HAVE NO NUCLEUS and NO ORGANELLES WITH MEMBRANES? PROKARYOTES WHICH ARE CELLS CALLED THAT HAVE A NUCLEUS and ORGANELLES WITH MEMBRANES? EUKARYOTES WHICH KINDS OF CELLS ARE EUKARYOTES? PLANTS and ANIMALS WHICH KINDS OF CELLS ARE PROKARYOTES? BACTERIA BE ABLE TO COMPARE BACTERIA, PLANT, AND ANIMAL CELLS. HOW ARE THEY ALIKE and DIFFERENT? KNOW THE PARTS OF THE ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM. NUCLEAR ENVELOPE, ROUGH ER,SMOOTH ER, CELL MEMBRANE KNOW WHY THE SIZE A CELL CAN GROW TO IS LIMITED. VOLUME INCREASES FASTER THAN SURFACE AREA (PLASMA MEMBRANE) SO CELLS MUST DIVIDE IN ORDER TO HAVE ENOUGH SURFACE TO MOVE MATERIALS INTO & OUT OF THE CELL 10