Download 1.2 microscopes and cell parts

1.2
Microscopes allow us to see
inside the cell.
Light microscope
• In a light microscope,
lenses are used to bend
light and make objects
appear bigger than they
are.
Scanning Electron Microscope
• (SEM) The scanning electron
microscope uses electrons to
form a three-D image of the
surface of a cell.
Transmission Electron
Microscope
• (TEM) The transmission
electron microscope uses
electrons which pass through
the cell to produce a two
dimensional image of the
inside of the cell.
• Scanning electron microscopes
and transmission electron
microscopes can not be used
on live specimens.
Micrometer
• One millionth of a meter.
Cytoplasm
• A thick gelatin-like material
contained within the cell
membrane.
• Most of the work of the cell is
carried out in the cytoplasm.
Cell Membrane
• The outer boundary of the
cytoplasm.
• A layer that controls what
enters or leaves the cell.
• A protective covering
enclosing the entire cell.
Eukaryotic Cell
• A cell in which the genetic
material is enclosed within the
nucleus, surrounded by its
own membrane.
Nucleus
• The structure in a eukaryotic cell
that contains the genetic material
a cell needs to reproduce and
function.
• The control center of the cell that
directs all the cell’s activities.
Organelle
• A structure in a cell that is
enclosed by a membrane that
performs a certain function.
Prokaryotic Cell
• A cell that lacks a nucleus and
other organelles, with DNA
that is not organized into
chromosomes.
Cell Wall
• A protective outer covering
that lies just outside the cell
membrane of plant cells.
Chloroplasts
• An organelle in a plant cell that
contains chlorophyll, a
chemical that uses the energy
from sunlight to make sugar.
Mitochondria
• The powerhouse of the cell.
• Organelle that releases energy
to break down sugars.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Folded membranes in the
cytoplasm that transport
substances made by the cell.
Ribosomes
• Structures in the cytoplasm
that make proteins from
amino acids.
Golgi Apparatus (bodies)
• Organelles that deliver
substances released by the
endoplasmic reticulum.
Vacuoles
• These structures include
storage rooms.
• Some vacuoles store water for
future use while some store
wastes until they are removed
from the body.
Lysosome
• Digest large particles within
the cell.
Nuclear Membrane
• The semi-permeable
membrane that separates the
nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Nucleolus
• A small structure within the
nucleus which is involved in
producing proteins.
Chromosomes
• Structures made of nucleic
acids (DNA and RNA) and
proteins made up of genes
* The most obvious difference
between a plant and animal
cell is the size of the
vacuoles. Plant cells have a
large central vacuole, which
still acts as a storage area.
• Plant cells also have a thick
firm boundary called the cell
wall.
• The cell wall supports and
protects the cell.
• The ability to make its own
food is one of the most
• Important plant life processes
as well as a major difference
between plant and animal cells.
• In the cytoplasm of a plant cell
are many small green
structures called chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts contain molecules
of chlorophyll which allows a
plant cell to make its own
food.