Download Introduction to DNA Function and transcription

Our Questions about DNA?
• What does DNA look like?
• How is DNA made?
• How do we know DNA has the
instructions to make proteins?
• How does DNA instruct the cell to make
proteins?
• WHAT DETERMINES THE ORDER OF
AMINO ACIDS IN A PROTEIN???
Do the cells in your eye and your
tongue have the same functions?
Do the cells in your eye and your
tongue have the same proteins?
Do the cells in your eye and your
tongue have the same DNA?
Humans have 46 chromosomeswhere are they?
• Do all cells have DNA?
• Do all cells have the same DNA?
When doing DNA identification
(think CSI) does it matter which
cells you use to get the sample?
Cheek cells?
Red Blood cells?
Hair follicle cells?
What changes occur to a salmon
when it spawns?
Do the salmon’s proteins change
when it spawns?
Does a salmon’s DNA change
when it spawns?
Does the DNA in your body change
as you go through puberty?
Does the DNA in your body change
as you go through puberty?
Writing assignment
1. Do different cells in your body have
different DNA?
2. What makes you think that?
3. Does the DNA in your cells change as
you develop from a baby to an adult?
4. What makes you think that?
What have we learned?
• Proteins determine most characteristics of
a cell and organism
• Information stored in DNA determines
which proteins can be made by a cell
• The environment influences which proteins
are made by a cell
Some things we will learn…
• Where is protein made in a cell?
• How does the information stored in DNA
determine which proteins can be made in
a cell?
• How is protein made in a cell?
• How does the environment influence
which proteins are made in cell?
Where is protein made in a cell?
DNA does not leave the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells... but proteins are made
outside of the nucleus by ribosomes
human cheek
cell
Elodea leaf cell
mitochondria
chloroplasts
vacuole
nucleus
(DNA here)
(DNA here)
DNA does not leave the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells... but proteins are made
outside of the nucleus by ribosomes
ribosomes
(proteins
made here)
(proteins
made here)
nucleus
(DNA here)
(DNA here)
DNA and ribosomes are at different
locations in a prokaryoic cell.
E. coli bacteria cell
ribosomes
(proteins made here)
DNA
1. Add ribosomes to the diagrams you have
been keeping in your notebook
1. Plant cell- elodea leaf cell
2. Animal cell- human cheek cell
3. Prokaryote- E. coli bacterium
2. Ribosomes make protein but are not in the
same location as DNA in a cell. Discuss
ideas with your classmates about how the
proteins could be made according to the
DNA information.
Information flow from DNA to trait
DNA
Stored in
nucleus
protein
Made by
ribosomes
outside of
nucleus
Observed
trait
messenger RNA
• mRNA transfers information from the DNA
in the nucleus to the ribosomes.
• Ribosomes build proteins according to
the mRNA information received.
Information flow from DNA to trait
DNA
Stored in
nucleus
messenger
RNA
protein
Made by
ribosomes
outside of
nucleus
Observed
trait
DNA information  mRNA information
DNA
messenger
RNA
Transcription is the process used
to convert DNA information into
mRNA information.
Note: DNA does not become RNA; the information in DNA
is copied as RNA