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Review Questions Start with the white board A= Big noses a= small noses What genotypes could give you a big nose? BB or Bb What genotypes would give you a small nose? bb Give the phenotype for someone who is a hybrid. Bb= BIG NOSE A= Big noses What is the phenotypic ratio? 3:1 What is the genotypic ratio? 1:2:1 a= small noses A= Big noses a= small noses Cross a heterozygous big nose parent with a homozygous recessive parent. What percent of the children would have small noses? 50 % Gerald is heterozygous for his little ears and meets Tammy who has humungous ears. What is the dominant phenotype? Little Ears What is Tammy’s genotype? ee homozygous recessive What are the chances of the two having offspring with HUGE ears? 50% In fruit flies, red eyes (R) are dominant over white eyes (r). • If you crossed a homozygous dominant with a heterozygous fly. What percent would have white eyes? What would be the genotypic ratio? R r 2:2:0 R R RR RR Rr Rr 0% White Eyes What would be the phenotypic ratio? 4:0 If Red flowers are incompletely dominant to white flowers, Show the cross between a pink and a white flower. R What percent of the flowers would have red petals? r r Rr rr r Rr rr 0 % are red What is the phenotypic ratio? 2: 2: 0 Quick Question! The combination of alleles an organism inherits for a particular Genotype trait is called it’s ___________ Genotype in which an organism inherits two of the same alleles is Homozygous called __________ Genes occupy a specific location Chromosomes on _____________ Who is the “Father of Genetics”? Gregor Mendel Any error made in DNA is called a Mutation Where are proteins made? Ribosomes Long chains of amino acids make a __________ Protein What must be copied before Mitosis begins? DNA (replication) All the cells of the human body have 46 chromosomes. How many would be found in a cloned cell? 46 Where in the cell is DNA located? The Nucleus What is NOT true of DNA a) It is located in the nucleus b) It delivers information for making proteins to the ribosome. c) It provides instructions for controling cell activities d) It is found in all living organisms e) All of these are true Genes are located on _____________________. Chromosomes A DNA molecule is made up of __________________, which have three parts. Nucleotides Nucleotides are made up of ________________, _______________, and __________________. 5-Carbon sugar, Phosphate group, and a Nitrogen Base Which bases pair up with each other in DNA? Adenine=Thymine Cytosine=Guanine The process of copying a DNA strand is called _____________________. Replication 1. ATT Make a complimentary DNA strand: GCG CAA GTA TGA ATT TAA GCG CGC CAA G TT GTA TGA CAT ACT Since DNA cannot leave the nucleus, __________ copies the DNA code and takes this information to the ribosome to assemble proteins. mRNA or messenger RNA RNA contains the same bases as DNA except Thymine is replaced with ___________________. Uracil Make a complimentary RNA strand: TTG ACG AAT CGA TGA TTG ACG AAT CGA TGA AAC UGC U UA G C U AC U Every three bases makes a ________________. Codon tRNA matches up with each codon on the mRNA to make one ___________ ____________ Amino Acid Long chains of amino acids make ____________________. Proteins What makes up the backbone (sides) of a DNA molecule? Phosphate group and Sugar $100 Any change in the DNA sequence is called _____________. $200 This is an example of what type of mutation? Deletion This is an example of what type of mutation? Translocation $200 Breeding individuals with similar characteristics Ex: German Shepard X German Shepard = German Shepard Inbreeding $500 __________ provides the heredity information for controlling all the activities in the cell and provides the blueprints for protein assembly (making proteins) DNA $400 Crossbreeding dissimilar individuals Hybridization $200 Cytosine Guanine pairs with _______ in a complimentary DNA strand