Download 1: How is ribonucleic acid like DNA

Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
1: How is ribonucleic acid like DNA?
2: When an organism needs to build components for a new cell, a copy of the
required part is made. What is this copy called?
3: The difference between DNA and RNA in the base-pairings is that the
base thymine is replaced with ____________________ in RNA when it
pairs with adenine while guanine still pairs with cytosine in both.
4: What is the RNA string used as a template to build?
5: What does the process of gene expression (protein synthesis) include?
6:What do RNA polymerases do?
1
Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
7: Transcription proceeds until it hits a stop sequence. What is this stop
sequence?
8: Transcription begins when the RNA polymerase binds to a gene’s
promoter. What is the promoter?
9: What does the RNA polymerase do to the double helix form in step two?
10: In step three, as the RNA polymerase travels along the gene and reads
the bases, what does it add and link in response?
11: When RNA makes a transcription of DNA, the new molecule is DNA or
RNA?
12: How is RNA transcription different than DNA replication?
2
Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
13: How is transcription different in prokaryote cells than in eukaryote
cells?
14: What is messenger RNA?
15: What are codons? What does each codon correspond to?
16: The complete list of all three-letter codons makes up what?
17: Where does translation take place?
3
Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
18: What do we mean when we say an anticodon is complementary to an
mRNA codon?
19: What is translation? By what is the mRNA message read in order to
translate the proteins?
20: In the code of translation, what does each codon specify (translate)
into?
21: What three letter codon starts (initiates) the process of transcription?
What codons can signal stop?
22: Is this genetic code exclusive to humans or is it universal across all living
organisms?
23: What is an operator in gene expression?
4
Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
24: How is a repressor different than an operator?
25: What happens to the shape of the repressor when lactose is present?
26: What are transcription factors?
27: What is an enhancer? Are they usually located next to promoters?
28: What is the difference between an introns and an exon? Which has
information copied on it and which is blank?
29: After the introns are cut out; what stitches the exons that remain back
together?
30: How can having introns and exons possibly help enhance evolutionary
flexibility?
5
Name ____________________________________Date ____________________
Biology:10 Review Genes to Proteins /Regulation and Structure
31: How many exons roughly are responsible for the creation of the
thousands of proteins in our bodies?
32: What is a mutation? How is a gene rearrangement different than a gene
alteration?
33: How is a point mutation different than an insertion mutation?
6