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Year 10 -Term-4-Biological Sciences Program Weeks 1 - 3 Page |1 DNA and Genetics Content The transmission of heritable characteristics from one generation to the next involves DNA and genes (ACSSUI 84) Elaborations 1 & 2 1 .Describe the role of DNA as the blueprint for controlling the characteristics of organisms using models and diagrams to represent the relationship between DNA, genes and chromosomes. 2. Recognise that genetic information passed on to offspring is from both parents by meiosis and fertilisation representing patterns of inheritance of a simple dominant/recessive characteristic through generations of a family Indicators • Cover the structure of the animal cell outlining the following structures: cell membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. • Outline the structure of the cell membrane as a semi-permeable membrane. Outline the following components: phospholipid bilayer, hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail, proteins and cholesterol embedded. • Describe the structure of DNA. Students to be aware of base pairing outline the difference between genes and chromosomes, outlining the number of chromosomes in autosomal and sex cells (autosomal = 46, sex cells = 23) • Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis (Function, chromosome number, number of cells and stages ie interphase, prophase, metaphase (I & II), anaphase (I & II) and telophase. Year 10 -Term-4-Biological Sciences Program Page |2 Elaborations 3 & 4 3. Predict simple ratios of offspring genotypes and phenotypes in crosses involving dominant/recessive gene pairs or in genes that are sex-linked 4. Describe mutations as changes in DNA or chromosomes and outlining the factors that contribute to causing mutations Indicators • Define genotype, phenotype, dominant, recessive, homozygous and heterozygous. • Use punnet squares to work out simple genetic traits (eg tongue roller, roman nose and pea flower colour). • Define incomplete dominance • Define Sex determination and sex linked traits Week 4 Evolution - Natural Selection The theory of evolution by natural selection explains the diversity of living things and is supported by a range of scientific evidence (ACSSUI85) Elaborations 1 & 2 1. Outline processes involved in natural selection including variation, isolation and selection. 2. Evaluate and interpret evidence for evolution, including the fossil record, chemical and anatomical similarities, and geographical distribution of species Indicators • Define Natural selection and outline factors which contribute to natural selection. • Define fossil and the different types of fossils. • Cover the following dating techniques Relative dating methods such as Strata (layer by layer) & Index fossils. Absolute dating such as Radiocarbon dating and Tree ring dating Year 10 -Term-4-Biological Sciences Program Page |3 Week 5 - Body Systems (Additional content to Australian Curriculum) Elaborations Excretory System Indicators • Structure of the kidney (renal pelvis, renal medulla, pyramids, nephrons, major and minor calyx, renal artery and renal vein) • General structure of a nephron (bowmans capsule, glomerulus, distal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct) Week 6 Circulatory System Indicators • Differentiate between arteries, veins and capillaries. • Outline the systemic and pulmonary loop of our circulation. • Label structures and outline function of the parts of the heart (ventricles, atrium, semilunar valves, atrioventricular valves, septum, orta, pulmonary artery and veins, superior and inferior vena cava) Week 7 - Respiratory system Indicators • Outline the function and label the parts of the respiratory system (nasel cavity, mouth cavity, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles and alveoli) • Outline the steps in inspiration and expiration. Week 8 - Reproductive system Indicators • Label the male and female reproductive system. • Outline the steps involved and hormones (LH, progesterone, FSH and Oestrogen) involved with the menstrual and ovarian cycles)