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Transcript
AP Biology Mr. Wallis Reading Guide: Campbell Chapter 7 Name: due date: Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function 7.1 CELLULAR MEMBRANES ARE FLUID MOSAICS OF LIPIDS AND PROTEINS Notes: Selective permeability: Amphipathic: Fluid Mosaic Model: Describe the fluid mosaic model; include a labeled sketch. Membrane Models Summarize the research method shown in figure 7.4 on page 127: The Fluidity of Membranes Explain what it means for phospholipids to freely move in a plane of a membrane, but not to “flip-flop”: (Use figure 7.5) Explain how cholesterol 1) stabilizes the membrane and 2) lowers the temperature at which the membrane will solidify (Use figure 7.5) Is this good or bad? Why? page 1 of 7 Membrane Proteins and Their Functions Notes: Mosaic (from dictionary): Integral proteins: Peripheral proteins: How is a membrane similar to a mosaic? Using figure 7.9, explain the role of a protein in: 1) Transport: 2) Enzymatic activity: 3) Signal Transduction: 4) Intercellular Joining: 5) Cell-Cell recognition: 6) Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix: The Role of Membrane Carbohydrates Cell-Cell Recognition What is cell-cell recognition? Why is it important? What role do carbohydrates play in cell-cell recognition? 7.2 MEMBRANE STRUCTURE RESULTS IN MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY What is selective permeability? Why would a cell membrane need to be selectively permeable? Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 2 of 7 Permeability of the Lipid Bilayer What types of molecules can cross a membrane, what cannot? Give examples. Transport Proteins What is a transport protein? Explain the two different ways in which a transport protein can transport a molecule across a membrane 1. 2. 7.3 PASSIVE TRANSPORT IS DIFFUSION OF A SUBSTANCE ACROSS A MEMBRANE WITH NO ENERGY INVESTMENT Notes: Diffusion: Concentration gradient: Passive transport: What determines the direction of traffic across a membrane? What actually drives molecules across membranes? Effects of Osmosis on Water Balance Notes: Hypertonic: Hypotonic: Isotonic: Osmosis: How does osmosis work? (Reference figure 7.12) Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 3 of 7 Water Balance of Cells without Walls Notes: What types of cells do NOT have cell walls? What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic environment? (Reference figure 7.13) What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic environment? What happens to a cell placed in a isotonic environment? Explain how an animal cell maintains water balance. Sketch figure 7.13 and summarize what happens to animal cells and plant cells placed in different environments Water Balance of Cells with Walls Notes: Turgid: Flaccid: Plasmolysis: Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 4 of 7 Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Aided by Proteins Define: Facilitated diffusion: Gated channels: What is the function of transport proteins? 7.4 ACTIVE TRANSPORT USES ENERGY TO MOVE SOLUTES AGAINST THEIR GRADIENTS Notes: Active transport: Sodium-potassium pump: Sketch figure 7.16 and explain active transport in the Na-K pump: Summarize passive transport, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. (see figure 7.17) What is the role of ATP in active transport? What is ATP’s role in passive transport? (tricky, tricky!!!) Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 5 of 7 How Ion Pumps Maintain Membrane Potential Notes: Membrane potential: Electrochemical gradient: Electrogenic pump: Proton pump: Explain how can a voltage be generated across a membrane: Sketch figure 8.18 and summarize how a proton pump works. Cotransport:: Coupled Transport By a Membrane Protein Sketch figure 7.19 and explain how cotransport can “couple” the transport of one solute to another. 7.5 BULK TRANSPORT ACROSS THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OCCURS BY EXOCYTOSIS AND ENDOCYTOSIS Notes: Exocytosis: Endocytosis: Phagocytosis: Pinocytosis: Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 6 of 7 Receptor-mediated exocytosis: Ligands: Why are exocytosis and endocytosis important to a cell? Use figure 7.20 (p. 139) to explain the three types of endocytosis. (show the ligand in receptor-mediated!) Questions / Additional Lecture Notes: Chapter 7 Reading Guide page 7 of 7