Download Cells - quigleysciencestandards

What do these
organisms have
in common?
WHAT WE WILL BE
COVERING
What is a cell?
The types of cells
Examples of these cells
The organelles and their
functions
WHAT IS A CELL?
• Latin for “small room”
• A cell is the functional and
structural unit of all living
organisms
CELL THEORY
• The cell is the basic unit of
structure
• Conducts all functions for living
organisms
• All cells arise from pre-existing
cells
EXAMPLES OF CELLS
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS
similarities & differences
Plant
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Animal
PLANT CELLS
• Has a cell wall
made of
cellulose
• Has a large
central vacuole
• Undergoes
photosynthesis
• Contains
chloroplasts
which contain
CELL WALL
• One of the most important
distinguishing features of plant cells
is the presence of a cell wall, which
serves a variety of functions.
• The cell wall protects the cellular
contents and gives rigidity structure to the
plant
• Provides a porous medium for the circulation
and distribution of water, minerals, and other
small nutrient molecules
• Contains specialized molecules that regulate
ANIMAL CELLS
• Unicellular &
multicellular
• Lacks a cell wall
and chloroplasts
• Small vacuoles
• Appear spherical in
shape
• Contains a variety
of organelles
CELL
•
Outer membrane of
MEMBRANE
cell that controls
movement in and
out of the cell
• Double layer
• Serves as a
boundary between
the cell and its
external
environment
• Found in plant &
animal cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
DIFFUSION
• Diffusion is “the movement of a substance
from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration” (Mader, 1994)
• Diffusion always moves from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
• It’s the way materials such as gasses
(oxygen) and liquids (water) move across the
cell membrane
• Occurs in plant and animal cells
OSMOSIS
• Movement of water (h2o) molecules across a
semi permeable membrane from an area of
high concentration to low concentration
• Water molecules will move toward a high
concentration of solute (low concentration of
water) to reach equilibrium
• Important process because all living organisms
are composed of mostly water, osmosis allows
water
to travel through different parts of
the body to reach areas that need it
to function
CHLOROPLASTS
• They contain chlorophyll which
is the green pigment used to
make food
• Photosynthesis takes place in
the chloroplasts
• They use light energy from the sun, water,
and carbon dioxide in order to create sugars
and oxygen
• Plants, animals, & humans use sugars for
food & energy
CYTOPLASM
•
Jelly-like fluid within the cell
membrane
• Composed primarily of water
• It’s the substance that a cell’s organelles
are embedded in
• Different molecules are dissolved in the
cytoplasm such as …
• Enzymes, fatty acids, sugars & amino
acids which all keep the cell
functioning
• Waste is dissolved in the cytoplasm
before taken in by the vacuoles or
being sent out of the cell
VACUOLES
• Organelles that are primarily
used for storage
• Vacuoles can store water, waste
products, and other substances
• Plant cells have much larger
vacuoles than animal cells
• Found in plant & animal cells
NUCLEUS
• Often referred to as the control
center of the cell
• Stores DNA & controls
cell activity
• Found in plant &
animal cells
MITOCHONDRIA
•
•
•
•
Where energy is made, which is
used to fuel cell
Site where cellular respiration
takes place
• Cellular respiration is
the opposite process of
photosynthesis in which living
organisms take in oxygen and
sugars in order to give off carbon dioxide,
water, & energy
There can be one or many mitochondria in
a cell
Found in plant & animal cells
CELL ACTIVITY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Split into two groups
One group will construct an animal
cell & the other will construct a
plant cell
Animal cell group needs the bowl of orange
jello
Plant cell group needs the bowl of green
jello
Use any of the objects provided to
represent organelles in your group’s cell
Be prepared to present your group’s cell &
why you chose those objects
REMEMBER – animal & plant cells have
REFERENCES
Davidson, M. (2004, December 13). Molecular expressions biology and microscopy structure
and function of cells and viruses mitochondria. Retrieved from
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.html
Davidson, M. (2005, May 14). Molecular expressions biology and microscopy structure and
function of cells and viruses nucleus. Retrieved from http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu
/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html
Mader, S. (1994). Inquiry into Life (7th ed). Dubuque, Iowa: W. C. Brown Publishers
(Part Two, pp 42-119)
Traverso, M. (2004, August 08). Washington university in st. louis chemistry 152 diffusion and
concentration gradients. Retrieved from http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses
/genchem/Tutorials/Kidney/dynamic.htm
ACTIVITY #2