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Cell Vocabulary 1. Cells: The smallest part of a living thing that carries out actions that keeps the living thing alive. It is the basic building block of all living things. 2. Cell Membrane: Provides a barrier between the cell and its surroundings; has pores that allow proteins and other materials come in and out of cell. 3. Cell Wall: Gives the plant cells a rigid structure 4. Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid inside a cell. 5. Organelle: Structures inside the cell that carry out the cell's functions to keep the cell alive; "little organ". 6. Nucleus: This controls the cell's actions. It is the cell's command center. 7. Mitochondria: The organelles in a cell that convert food into energy. 8. Vacuoles: Places to store supplies like water and food, until it is needed. 9. Chloroplasts: This allows plants to make their own food. 10. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid): The genetic material that lets cells make more of themselves and pass on their traits to new cells.