Download 02_-_translation___mutation_intro - Ms.Holli

Name:
Date:
Period:
Biology
Bell-Ringer:
Objective: BWBAT understand the steps in translating mRNA into a chain of amino acids, and
1) Inthe
transcription
DNAinvolved
is used as
template
to make ____________.
describe
key molecules
inathis
process.
2) What is the reason that DNA is not used specifically to make proteins?
3) Create an mRNA molecule using the DNA as a template
DNA: TAC GAG CAT
mRNA: ______ ______ ______
4) Where does transcription take place in the cell?
THE CENTRAL DOGMA OF BIOLOGY:
Translation:

AGC = Serine (Ser)
Each codon “codes” for a specific amino acid. For example…
CCU = Proline (Pro)
Ser
Pro
GGA = Glycine (Gly)
Gly
We can use the following chart to determine which amino acid each codon “codes” for:
Ala = Alanine
Arg = Arginine
Asn = Asparagine
Asp = Aspartic acid
Cys = Cysteine
Gln = Glutamine
Glu = Glutamic acid
Gly = Glycine
His = Histidine
Ile = Isoleucine
Leu = Leucine
Lys = Lysine
Met = Methionine
Phe = Phenylalanine
Pro = Proline
Ser = Serine
Thr = Threonine
Trp = Tryptophan
Tyr = Tyrosine
Val = Valine
Codon practice: Identify which amino acid is coded for by each of the following codons:
AUG = ___MET__________
GAG = _________________
UUA = _________________
UAU = _________________
CCA = _________________
GCA = _________________
Mutations! What happens when there is a MISTAKE in DNA?
READ ME: Even though DNA polymerase proofreads as it replicates a strand of DNA, it occasionally
makes a mistake. These accidental changes in the DNA base sequence are called mutations. Mutations
can also be caused by environmental factors.
There are three types of mutations:
1. insertion2. deletion3. substitutionWe are going to pretend the letters in the following sentence are the bases in a strand of DNA. Imagine
that the correct “DNA strand” should read:
THE
FAT
CAT
ATE
THE
RAT
e
Label the three kinds of mutations shown below:
THE
FAT
CAT
ATE
THE
BAT
Type of mutation:
PFA
TCA
TAT
ETH
ERA
Type of mutation:
ATC
ATA
TET
HER
AT
Type of mutation:
e
THE
e
THF
Practice:
Original: THE ANT WAS RED
1. Mutation: THB ANT WAS RED
2. Mutation: THE ATW ASR ED
3. Mutation: THE ANT SWA SRE D
Looking at the “DNA strands” above, which type of mutation do you think would be the least harmful to
an organism? Explain why.
Name:
Date:
Period:
Transcription and Translation Practice/Homework
Directions: Transcribe the DNA into mRNA. Make sure to use a line or space to separate the codons.
Then, use the chart below to translate the mRNA into the proper sequence of amino acids. The first one
has been done for you.
DNA Strand: AAA GGG GTA CCA TCA TAA CAC CAT
mRNA Strand: UUU
Amino Acids:
Phe
CCC CAU GGU AGU AUU GUG GUA
Pro
His
Gly
Ser
Ile
Val
Val
DNA Strand: TAC TAC GAG CAT CAG CGC TGA ATC
mRNA Strand: _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ ____ _____
Amino Acids: _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ ____ _____
DNA Strand: TAC TCG ATG TTT CTT CAT TAT ACT
mRNA Strand: _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ ____ _____
Amino Acids:
Ala = Alanine
Arg = Arginine
Asn = Asparagine
Asp = Aspartic acid
Cys = Cysteine
Gln = Glutamine
Glu = Glutamic acid
Gly = Glycine
His = Histidine
Ile = Isoleucine
Leu = Leucine
Lys = Lysine
Met = Methionine
Phe = Phenylalanine
Pro = Proline
Ser = Serine
Thr = Threonine
Trp = Tryptophan
Tyr = Tyrosine
Val = Valine
_____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _____ ____ _____
More Questions:
1. The process by which DNA is used to make mRNA is called ___________________. This happens in
the _____________________.
2. The process by which mRNA used to make a protein is called ____________________. This
happens in the __________________ of the cell.
3. Proteins are made of long chains of ________________________________.
4. Protein synthesis occurs on what organelle? _________________________.
5. ________ is the type of RNA that brings the amino acids to the ribosome.
6. ________ is the type of RNA that carries the instructions of how to make a protein from DNA.
Directions: Transcribe the DNA into RNA, then translate into the 15 amino acids for which it codes.
DNA: TAC
mRNA:
1
GTT
CAA
GAT
2
3
4
CGG
5
CTA
6
CGT CAG
TCA
GTC
ATA
AAA
7
9
10
11
12
8
amino acids:
1. ____________________
7. ____________________
2. ____________________
8. ____________________
3. ____________________
9. ____________________
4. ____________________
10. ____________________
5. ____________________
11. ____________________
6. ____________________
12. ____________________
Mutation Practice:
Original: THE CAT HAD FUN
1. Mutation: HEC ATH ADF UN
2. Mutation: BTH ECA THA DFU N
3. Mutation: THE CAB HAD FUN