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Download Complementary base pairing Hydrogen bonding between purines
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Complementary base pairing Hydrogenbondingbetweenpurines(AandG)andpyrimidines(TandC)inDNA DNA helicase AnenzymethatunwindsandunzipsthedoublestrandedDNAbybreakingthe weakhydrogenbondsbetweenthepairedbases AnenzymethatpositionsandjoinsnewcomplementaryDNAnucleotidesinto placeduringDNAreplication Amolecularcomplexofthreesubunits;phosphate,apentosesugaranda nitrogen-containingbase ContainsDNAfromtwoormoredifferentsources TheprocessofcopyingoneDNAdoublehelixintotwoidenticaldoublehelices AtermreferringtothefactthatafterDNAreplication,anewdoublehelixhas oneconservedold“template”strandandonenewstrand DNA polymerase nucleotide recombinant DNA replication semi-conservative replication amino acid anti-codon codon Anorganicmoleculecomposedofanaminogroupandanacidicgroup AtripletofthreebasescomplementarytoacodonofmRNA AtripletofnucleotidesinmRNAthateithercodesforaparticularaminoacidor signalspolypeptidetermination DNA sequence (genetic code) a succession of letters (ACTG) that indicate the order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. elongation Secondstepofproteinsynthesis,inwhichapolypeptideincreasesinlengthone aminoacidatatime environmental mutagen Environmentalinfluencescausingmutationsinhumans genetic disorder Anillnesscausedbyoneormoreabnormalitiesinthegenomeeg.sicsickleeg. Sicklecellanemiaiscausedbyapointmutation initiation Firststepofproteinsynthesis,inwhichallthetranslationcomponentsare broughttogether messenger RNA (mRNA) AribonucleicacidmoleculethatisformedbyusingtheDNAmoleculeasa templateandassemblingacomplementarysetofbases(althoughitcontains UracilinsteadofThymine).ThisRNAtravelsthroughthenuclearporestothe ribosomewhereproteinsareformedbasedonthesequencethatwas transcribedinthenucleus. mutation ApermanentchangeinthesequenceofbasesintheDNA;eithergerm-lineor somatic polypeptide chain Achainofaminoacidsthatarejoinedtooneanotherbyapeptidebond ribosomes ResponsibleforthesynthesisofproteinsusingmRNAasatemplate;composed oftwosubunits termination Thirdandfinalstepofproteinsynthesis,inwhichthepolypeptideandthe assembledcomponentsthatcarriedoutproteinsynthesisareseparatedfrom oneanother transcription Thefirststageofgeneexpression;processinwhichaportionofDNAservesasa templateformRNAformation transfer RNA (tRNA) Anucleicacidcontainingthesugarribosethatisresponsibleforbringingthe appropriateaminoacidtotheribosomeforproteinformation translation Duringgeneexpression,theprocessinwhichthesequenceofmRNAbases determinesthesequenceofaminoacidsinapolypeptide