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Chapter 3 – Test Yourself Questions 1. Prokaryotic cells have a much simpler structure than eukaryotes, lacking internal ___________ and a true ___________. 2. Most bacterial cells are rod-shaped (___________), spherical (___________) or curved (___________). 3. Many bacteria commonly carry extrachromosomal pieces of DNA called ___________, which are able to ___________ independently of the bacterial chromosome. 4. Protein synthesis takes place at ___________. 5. The main components of cell membranes are ___________ and ___________ 6. Gram-positive cell walls contain a higher percentage of ___________ than those of Gramnegative cells. 7. Many bacteria have long, hair-like structures called ___________ projecting from the cell wall. These are used for ___________. 8. The DNA of eukaryotes is organised into chromosomes and associated with proteins called ___________. 9. In eukaryotic cells, extranuclear DNA is also found in ___________ and ___________. 10. Eukaryotic ribosomes may be found associated with the ___________ ___________ or free in the cytoplasm. 11. The Golgi apparatus ___________ and ___________ newly synthesised substances. 12. ___________ are the site of energy generation in eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotic cells, some of these reactions take place at the ___________ ___________. 13. The photosynthetic membranes of chloroplasts are called ___________. 14. The cell walls of algae are mostly made up of ___________. 15. The structure of eukaryotic flagella is more complex than that of prokaryotes, comprising an arrangement of ___________ made of ___________. Essential Microbiology, Second Edition. Stuart Hogg. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Chapter 3 – Test Yourself Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. organelles, nucleus ribosomes plasmids, replicate ribosomes phospholipids, protein peptidoglycan flagella, locomotion histones chloroplasts, mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum packaging, transport mitochondria, plasma membrane thylakoids cellulose microtubules, tubulin Essential Microbiology, Second Edition. Stuart Hogg. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.