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Chapter 5: Nutrition and the NHPAs Test 2 Part A: Multiple choice 1 Which of the following has no nutritional value? a Carbohydrates b Water c Protein d Fat 2 Which of the following is considered to be a micronutrient? a Carbohydrates b Protein c Water d Minerals 3 Which of the following is considered to be a macronutrient? a Fats b Vitamins c Minerals d All of the above 4 Fibre is a type of: a carbohydrate. b protein. c lipid. d vitamin. 5 Which of the following is not a key nutrient in the maintenance of bone health? a Calcium b Vitamin D c Phosphorus d Sodium 5 marks © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Chapter 5 test Part B: Short answer 6 List five nutrients that can be considered ‘protective nutrients’ and explain the role each plays in protecting an individual in regards to an NHPA. Protective nutrient How it protects an individual from an NHPA 10 marks © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Chapter 5 test 7 Briefly describe the role of fibre in promoting the health of the digestive tract. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks 8 Explain how carbohydrates can contribute to obesity. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks 9 Explain osteoporosis and identify two nutrients that, when deficient, can contribute to it. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 3 marks 10 Outline two ways in which polyunsaturated fats can promote health. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 2 marks © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Chapter 5 test Answers: chapter 5, test 2 1 B 2 D 3 A 4 A 5 D 6 One explanation for each nutrient is sufficient (i.e. not all protective roles of fibre have to be outlined). Five of the following should be given. Protective nutrient Fibre How it protects an individual from an NHPA Contributes to a healthy digestive system by assisting in the removal of waste in the digestive tract. This can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Assists in regulating blood glucose levels. This can reduce the risk of glucose intolerance and diabetes. Assists in regulating cholesterol levels, which reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease Also promotes the feeling of ‘fullness’ when consumed, which can promote eating smaller amounts, thereby decreasing the chances of becoming obese. Calcium and Strengthens bones and assists in the prevention of osteoporosis phosphorus Vitamin D Assists in calcium absorption, protecting against osteoporosis Polyunsaturated fats Reduces cholesterol and therefore reduces the risk of heart disease. Maintains elasticity of blood vessels and can decrease the risk of heart attack. Monounsaturated fats Reduces cholesterol and therefore reduces the risk of heart disease 7 Fibre contributes to a healthy digestive system by assisting in the removal of waste in the digestive tract. It adds bulk to faeces and assists in regular bowel movements. This can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. 8 Carbohydrates not used as a fuel for energy production are stored as adipose tissue and therefore can contribute to weight gain. © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd Chapter 5 test 9 Osteoporosis is a condition characterised by porous or weak bones. Those with osteoporosis are more likely to experience fractures than those who don’t. Nutrients are calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. 10 For example: Reduces LDL cholesterol levels, which can reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke Maintains the elasticity of blood vessels and can maintain cardiovascular health Can be used as a fuel for energy production (physical health). © John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd