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Cytology Study Guide for Final Exam…answers
1. What structure forms the barrier between the cell and its environment?
Cell membrane
2. What is the function of the chloroplast?
Photosynthesis… uses the sun’s energy to make food (glucose)
3. What is the function of the mitochondria?
Cellular respiration…makes energy (ATP) for cellular activities
4. What is the control center of the cell?
nucleus
5. Where does photosynthesis take place?
chloroplast
6. What is the function of the lysosome?
To digest particles and get rid of waste
7. What structure transports things throughout the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
8. What structure protects the cell?
Cell membrane
9. What does the nucleus look like and where is it located?
In the center of the cell, it’s the largest structure other than a plant’s vacuole, it is usually round in shape
10. What do ribosomes look like?
The smallest structure in the cell, small round circular structures
11. What does the mitochondria look like?
A medium sized structure, shapes like a kidney bean
12. There are 2 basic types of transport. Which type of transport moves particles using energy?
Active transport
13. What type of transport moves particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
diffusion
14. What does exocytosis and endocytosis look like?
Exocytosis is when a cell forms vesicle around a large particle, sends it to the membrane and releases from the
cell by changing the shape of the cell while endocytosis is when a cell surrounds a particle changing the shape of
the cell until the particle becomes part of the cell. Both methods involve the use of energy.
15. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
They both move particles from a high concentration to an area of lower concentration, but osmosis is only the
movement of water.
16. What process takes place in the mitochondria and releases energy in the form of ATP?
Cellular respiration
17. What process allows a plant to produce food (glucose)?
photosynthesis
18. What is the difference between fermentation and cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration requires oxygen to produce ATP, but fermentation will produce ATP without the presence of
oxygen.