Download Cellular Energy Unit Vocabulary California Standard

Honors Biology (Curi-Morton)
Cellular Energy Unit Vocabulary
California Standard Set 1. Cell Biology
1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that
occur in specialized areas of the organism’s cells. As a basis for understanding this concept:
f. f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through
the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide.
g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to
cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide.
i. * Students know how chemiosmotic gradients in the mitochondria and chloroplast store energy
for ATP production.
In order to accomplish these lofty goals and be successful on the CSTs (proficient or advanced), you
will be responsible for knowing and understanding the following vocabulary terms.
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adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
aerobic
anaerobic
autotroph
byproduct – a secondary (usually accidental) result of a chemical reaction
Calvin cycle
carbohydrates
cellular respiration
chemiosmotic – theory to explain mechanism of ATP formation by mitochondria and chloroplasts
chlorophyll
chloroplast
citric acid cycle
cristae – inwardly projecting folds of mitochondria
electron – negatively charged particle outside atom’s nucleus
energy
fermentation
fixation – the process of fixing a chemical or element into another chemical via a bond
glucose – simple sugar with chemical formula C6H12O6 which is produced by photosynthesis
glycolysis
heterotroph
Krebs cycle
lamella – membranous chambers that connect with thylakoids in chloroplast
lumen – inside of thylakoid
matrix – cellular space in which chemical reactions take place
metabolism
mitochondrion
oxidize – to react with oxygen to dehydrogenate (remove H+)
photosynthesis
proton – positively charged particle found inside a nucleus
stroma – aqueous fluid of chloroplast
synthesis – a combination of two or more entities that together form something new
thylakoid