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Genetic Engineering
: directly manipulating an
organism’s DNA using
technology
Selective Breeding
Selective breeding (also called
artificial selection) is the process by
which humans breed other animals
and plants for particular traits.
Typically, strains that are selectively
bred are domesticated, and the
breeding is normally done by a
professional breeder.
• Selective Breeding
• Selective breeding of domesticated animals is an
example of artificial selection, which occurs when
man directly intervenes in the breeding of
animals to produce desired traits in offspring
• Examples of selective breeding include:
• Breeding horses for speed (race horses) versus
strength and endurance (draft horses)
• Breeding dogs for herding (sheepdogs), hunting
(beagles) or racing (greyhounds)
• Breeding cattle for increased meat production or
milk
Genetically Modified
Organism (GMO)
: an organism whose DNA has
been changed using genetic
engineering
Cloning
• The most common cloning method, known as "somatic cell nuclear
transfer" or simply "nuclear transfer," requires two kinds of cell. One is a
somatic cell, which is collected from the animal that is to be cloned
(known as the "genetic donor"). A somatic cell is any cell other than a
sperm cell or egg cell, and contains the complete DNA, or genetic
blueprint, of the animal it came from. For cloning purposes, somatic cells
are typically obtained by a routine skin biopsy performed by a
veterinarian.
The other kind of cell required for cloning is an egg cell, which is collected
from a female of the same species (known as the "egg donor"). In the lab,
a scientist extracts and discards the nucleus of the egg cell, which is the
part of the cell that contains the egg donor's genes. The scientist then
inserts the somatic cell from the genetic donor into the egg and "fuses"
the two with electricity. The resulting fused egg contains the genetic
donor's DNA.
Gene Splicing
: “cutting” a gene from one
organism to combine it with
genes from another organism
: forms recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA
: DNA that has been spliced
together artificially
: Genes come from more than
one organism
DNA Fingerprint
: method of mapping a person’s
DNA to identify them
: used in forensics
DNA Fingerprinting
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What can we use DNA fingerprinting for?
Identification
Crime
Paternity
Gene Therapy
: the use of genes to treat or
prevent disease
Genetically Modified Organisms
• http://www.reuters.com/news/picture/geneti
cally-modified-animals?articleId=USRTXTZ7A