Selective Crossover Using Gene Dominance as an Adaptive
... evolutionary computing. It has been widely agreed that standard crossover in genetic programming is more bias towards local searching and not ideal to explore the search space of programs efficiently. It has been argued strongly, in both Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Genetic Programming (GP) that more ...
... evolutionary computing. It has been widely agreed that standard crossover in genetic programming is more bias towards local searching and not ideal to explore the search space of programs efficiently. It has been argued strongly, in both Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Genetic Programming (GP) that more ...
The genetic consequences of selection in natural populations
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
... So far this model has ignored dominance, which has important implications for the calculation of s. In population genetic models of directional selection, dominance is most often accounted for with the dominance coefficient, h. In the single locus, two-allele model described above, the fitness of ea ...
molecular marker-based characterization of barley powdery mildew
... http://www.fao.org ) with the end uses being mostly food, feed and malt production. The most important factors affecting barley production are abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold and soil salinity (Stanca, 2003), as well as biotic stresses, such as fungal pathogens (Weibull et al., 2003). The co ...
... http://www.fao.org ) with the end uses being mostly food, feed and malt production. The most important factors affecting barley production are abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold and soil salinity (Stanca, 2003), as well as biotic stresses, such as fungal pathogens (Weibull et al., 2003). The co ...
Hernia and Its Heredity - Iowa State University Digital Repository
... abdominal wall, unless otherwise qualified, and is the protrusion of a viscus, or viscera, through a natural or abnormal opening in the abdominal wall over which the skin remains intact. Rupture is its every-day synonym, and perhaps is a more widely used term than the more correct hernia. Man has be ...
... abdominal wall, unless otherwise qualified, and is the protrusion of a viscus, or viscera, through a natural or abnormal opening in the abdominal wall over which the skin remains intact. Rupture is its every-day synonym, and perhaps is a more widely used term than the more correct hernia. Man has be ...
Breeding of maize types with specific traits
... quality. The identification of endosperm additional genes causing a higher level of sugar, as well as, prolonged period of kernel peak eating quality led to utilisation of these genes (sh2, fl1, fl2, ae, se, etc.) in the development and improvement of sweet maize (LAUGHNAN, 1953). The initial inbred ...
... quality. The identification of endosperm additional genes causing a higher level of sugar, as well as, prolonged period of kernel peak eating quality led to utilisation of these genes (sh2, fl1, fl2, ae, se, etc.) in the development and improvement of sweet maize (LAUGHNAN, 1953). The initial inbred ...
what is breed? what is purity?
... alpacas, and to perpetuate it by any and all breeding combinations (suri x suri, suri x huacaya). This is the “anything goes” option. At the other extreme it would be possible to constrain matings to only suri x suri, in the hopes of finally attaining a homogeneous population that only produces suri ...
... alpacas, and to perpetuate it by any and all breeding combinations (suri x suri, suri x huacaya). This is the “anything goes” option. At the other extreme it would be possible to constrain matings to only suri x suri, in the hopes of finally attaining a homogeneous population that only produces suri ...
The use of genetic markers in poultry breeding
... experiments to map marker loci. Inbred lines are widely used in laboratory animals and plants. For livestock species completely inbred lines are not available. Methods using information from segregating populations have been developed in human genetics (Morton 1955; Ott 1991). Here, the influence of ...
... experiments to map marker loci. Inbred lines are widely used in laboratory animals and plants. For livestock species completely inbred lines are not available. Methods using information from segregating populations have been developed in human genetics (Morton 1955; Ott 1991). Here, the influence of ...
Breeding Policy - Selkirk Rex Cat Club
... founding Selkirks brought in to the country. Over the following two years a further sixteen cats followed ...
... founding Selkirks brought in to the country. Over the following two years a further sixteen cats followed ...
Inbreeding in Cattle
... (the degree to which a sire or dam will pass his or her characteristics consistently). This is more than counteracted by the decline in selection intensity and loss of genetic variation. Selection intensity is a function of the proportion of bull and heifer candidates that are actually selected. Sel ...
... (the degree to which a sire or dam will pass his or her characteristics consistently). This is more than counteracted by the decline in selection intensity and loss of genetic variation. Selection intensity is a function of the proportion of bull and heifer candidates that are actually selected. Sel ...
Inbreeding in Swine, nsif-fs4 - National Swine Improvement Federation
... have done well. Certain families may demonstrate superior performance, but if a family group has poor average performance, it should be discarded quickly. Inbreeding also promotes an increase in prepotency which is the ability of an individual to consistently pass on its characteristics. This prepot ...
... have done well. Certain families may demonstrate superior performance, but if a family group has poor average performance, it should be discarded quickly. Inbreeding also promotes an increase in prepotency which is the ability of an individual to consistently pass on its characteristics. This prepot ...
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR
... allowed the production of tetraploid clones in all the tulip varieties tested. Although the tetraploidy induction rate was low in some cultivars, this was sufficient for initiating crossing experiments between diploid and tetraploid genitors for obtaining triploid offspring. An important finding was ...
... allowed the production of tetraploid clones in all the tulip varieties tested. Although the tetraploidy induction rate was low in some cultivars, this was sufficient for initiating crossing experiments between diploid and tetraploid genitors for obtaining triploid offspring. An important finding was ...
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population
... We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We sh ...
... We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We sh ...
Heterozygote Advantage: The Effect of Artificial Selection in
... agriculturally desirable but these traits would probably have negative pleiotropic effects and consequently overall detrimental impacts on heterozygous fitness in a wild population. As examples in pets, lack of a tail as in Manx cats or hairlessness as in Mexican hairless dogs are artificially selec ...
... agriculturally desirable but these traits would probably have negative pleiotropic effects and consequently overall detrimental impacts on heterozygous fitness in a wild population. As examples in pets, lack of a tail as in Manx cats or hairlessness as in Mexican hairless dogs are artificially selec ...
Plant domestication versus crop evolution: a conceptual framework
... Although the biological distinction between domestication traits and improvement traits is widely accepted, there are no clear criteria for such a classification [3,14,16–20]. To remedy this situation we propose the concept of ‘crucial domestication traits’, herein defined as traits imperative for d ...
... Although the biological distinction between domestication traits and improvement traits is widely accepted, there are no clear criteria for such a classification [3,14,16–20]. To remedy this situation we propose the concept of ‘crucial domestication traits’, herein defined as traits imperative for d ...
selective genotyping and phenotyping strategies in a complex trait
... detect it (C ARR ET AL ., 2006) citing concerns about loss of power. Thus, the generality of these experimental observations require further theoretical exploration. In the context of association studies, G ALLAIS ET AL . (2007) compared one-tail and two-tail selective genotyping and showed that the ...
... detect it (C ARR ET AL ., 2006) citing concerns about loss of power. Thus, the generality of these experimental observations require further theoretical exploration. In the context of association studies, G ALLAIS ET AL . (2007) compared one-tail and two-tail selective genotyping and showed that the ...
Selective breeding programmes for medium
... brood fish that are created in a selective breeding programme are created for one purpose-to produce the next generation of fish for grow-out--and their offspring can, in turn, be retained and selected to continue the process. In recent years, biotechnological research has led to the development of ...
... brood fish that are created in a selective breeding programme are created for one purpose-to produce the next generation of fish for grow-out--and their offspring can, in turn, be retained and selected to continue the process. In recent years, biotechnological research has led to the development of ...
Extending the season of stone fruit by breeding late
... tetraploid forms of two firm-fleshed sweet cherry cultivars that should allow successful hybridisation with tetraploid species such as sour cherry, which have useful characteristics such as late ripening, small tree size and novel pest and disease resistances. This work is longer-term than the breed ...
... tetraploid forms of two firm-fleshed sweet cherry cultivars that should allow successful hybridisation with tetraploid species such as sour cherry, which have useful characteristics such as late ripening, small tree size and novel pest and disease resistances. This work is longer-term than the breed ...
Designs for QTL detection in livestock and their implications for MAS
... Creating additional recombinations: experimental crosses. For experimental crosses, two strategies can be used to increase the number of recombinations around the QTL region. 1) An advanced intercross line (AIL) where the animals from an F2 are crossed to create an F3 and so on, until Fn. Every two ...
... Creating additional recombinations: experimental crosses. For experimental crosses, two strategies can be used to increase the number of recombinations around the QTL region. 1) An advanced intercross line (AIL) where the animals from an F2 are crossed to create an F3 and so on, until Fn. Every two ...
Integration of QTL Information with Traditional Animal Breeding
... intercrossing phase can also be enhanced through foreground selection on the target gene(s). Foreground selection relies on population-wide LD in the crossbred population between the target gene(s) and linked markers. Ideally, the target gene can be identified directly through a genetic test or even ...
... intercrossing phase can also be enhanced through foreground selection on the target gene(s). Foreground selection relies on population-wide LD in the crossbred population between the target gene(s) and linked markers. Ideally, the target gene can be identified directly through a genetic test or even ...
Textbook animal breeding Animal breeding and genetics for
... potential, determine what proportion you should use for breeding in order to achieve a certain genetic gain in the next generation, select the animals and mate them, and after producing the offspring evaluate whether what you set out to achieve with your breeding decisions actually happened. Each ge ...
... potential, determine what proportion you should use for breeding in order to achieve a certain genetic gain in the next generation, select the animals and mate them, and after producing the offspring evaluate whether what you set out to achieve with your breeding decisions actually happened. Each ge ...
Textbook Animal Breeding and Genetics
... potential, determine what proportion you should use for breeding in order to achieve a certain genetic gain in the next generation, select the animals and mate them, and after producing the offspring evaluate whether what you set out to achieve with your breeding decisions actually happened. Each ge ...
... potential, determine what proportion you should use for breeding in order to achieve a certain genetic gain in the next generation, select the animals and mate them, and after producing the offspring evaluate whether what you set out to achieve with your breeding decisions actually happened. Each ge ...
Application of molecular markers in plant breeding
... environmental conditions. It is limited by the necessity that the phenotype has to be observable before the time when selection decisions have to be made or by its effectiveness in resolving negative association between genes. Hence, plant breeders’ great interest in technologies that could make thi ...
... environmental conditions. It is limited by the necessity that the phenotype has to be observable before the time when selection decisions have to be made or by its effectiveness in resolving negative association between genes. Hence, plant breeders’ great interest in technologies that could make thi ...
Some important factors affecting fertility in sheep
... According to some authors number of offspring obtained per lambing is more important than gain of weight. Genetic relationships involving reproductive traits were seldom studied. Reproductive traits have low heritabilities, a discrete phenotypic expression, and are expressed only in sexually mature ...
... According to some authors number of offspring obtained per lambing is more important than gain of weight. Genetic relationships involving reproductive traits were seldom studied. Reproductive traits have low heritabilities, a discrete phenotypic expression, and are expressed only in sexually mature ...
Modes of Selection and Recombination Response in Drosophila
... generation 5, but then bristle numbers were above this mean for six of the next seven generations. By generation 13, L2’s mean decreased to 16.2 6 0.53, and from this point it decreased to a mean value of 14.5 6 0.53 at generation 16. However, as early as generation 9, L2 was not as productive as th ...
... generation 5, but then bristle numbers were above this mean for six of the next seven generations. By generation 13, L2’s mean decreased to 16.2 6 0.53, and from this point it decreased to a mean value of 14.5 6 0.53 at generation 16. However, as early as generation 9, L2 was not as productive as th ...
Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars in plants. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional ""breeder’s approach"" in which the breeder or experimenter applies ""a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait"" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or ""extreme values"" of that trait. The second is called ""controlled natural selection,"" which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested ""survive or reproduce,"" as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also ""selection experiments,"" which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the ""strength of natural selection in the wild."" However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been an interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.