Artificial selection shifts flowering phenology and other correlated
... associated with fitness. We know little about selection response and the possible costs associated with enhanced or delayed flowering phenotypes. The autotetraploid herb Campanulastrum americanum exhibits natural variation in flowering time within and among populations. In this outcrossing, insect-p ...
... associated with fitness. We know little about selection response and the possible costs associated with enhanced or delayed flowering phenotypes. The autotetraploid herb Campanulastrum americanum exhibits natural variation in flowering time within and among populations. In this outcrossing, insect-p ...
Optimizing selection for quantitative traits with information on an
... genetic improvement, especially in cases where phenotypic information is not available on selection candidates or expensive to collect, or if the trait has low heritability (Smith & Simpson, 1986). Optimum use of information on identified QTLs in selection programmes requires development of selectio ...
... genetic improvement, especially in cases where phenotypic information is not available on selection candidates or expensive to collect, or if the trait has low heritability (Smith & Simpson, 1986). Optimum use of information on identified QTLs in selection programmes requires development of selectio ...
Implications of inbreeding on the dairy industry
... • Produced 136 fewer pounds of milk, 11.7 fewer pounds of fat and 2.64 fewer pounds of protein over the lactation. ...
... • Produced 136 fewer pounds of milk, 11.7 fewer pounds of fat and 2.64 fewer pounds of protein over the lactation. ...
Genetic variation at RYR1, IGF2, FUT1, MUC13, and KPL2
... can be explained by selection. It is noteworthy that a number of heterozygotes and several undesirable TT homozygotes were found in Duroc, Large White, and Landrace breeds. This clearly indicates that Chinese breeders should keep a continuous selection on the RYR locus to eventually establish malign ...
... can be explained by selection. It is noteworthy that a number of heterozygotes and several undesirable TT homozygotes were found in Duroc, Large White, and Landrace breeds. This clearly indicates that Chinese breeders should keep a continuous selection on the RYR locus to eventually establish malign ...
How and When Selection Experiments Might Actually be
... subsequent experimental work falls into two categories. In the first, manipulative experiments are used to determine whether the observed trait associations might be produced by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., Trexler and Travis, 1990; Trexler et al., 1990; Fuller and Travis, 2004). In the second, mani ...
... subsequent experimental work falls into two categories. In the first, manipulative experiments are used to determine whether the observed trait associations might be produced by phenotypic plasticity (e.g., Trexler and Travis, 1990; Trexler et al., 1990; Fuller and Travis, 2004). In the second, mani ...
Evolution: artificial selection and domestication
... opportunities for interbreeding. For centuries, drovers herded large numbers of nonbreeding pigs, cattle, sheep, geese and poultry to market for slaughter, often over hundreds of kilometres. However, the breeding stocks were usually kept within a small area because moving sexually active bulls and l ...
... opportunities for interbreeding. For centuries, drovers herded large numbers of nonbreeding pigs, cattle, sheep, geese and poultry to market for slaughter, often over hundreds of kilometres. However, the breeding stocks were usually kept within a small area because moving sexually active bulls and l ...
SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY INVESTIGATION OF THE GENETIC
... (78.3%), the lowest in lines 4 (56.4%) and 9 (57.3%). The average incidence of EM was moderate. It was the greatest in line 4 (9.4%), the lowest in line 7 (5.2%) and intermediary for line 9 (7.3%). The detected incidence of CA was low, the mean values being 8.0%, 14.8% and 13.1%, respectively for li ...
... (78.3%), the lowest in lines 4 (56.4%) and 9 (57.3%). The average incidence of EM was moderate. It was the greatest in line 4 (9.4%), the lowest in line 7 (5.2%) and intermediary for line 9 (7.3%). The detected incidence of CA was low, the mean values being 8.0%, 14.8% and 13.1%, respectively for li ...
Trait selection in flowering plants: how does sexual selection
... selection is selection that arises from differences in mating success (number of mates that bear or sire progeny over some standardized time interval).” The first part of this definition seems straightforward. However, the parenthetical part can be problematic for those who study organisms with exte ...
... selection is selection that arises from differences in mating success (number of mates that bear or sire progeny over some standardized time interval).” The first part of this definition seems straightforward. However, the parenthetical part can be problematic for those who study organisms with exte ...
Breeding for Pest Resistance in Sorghum
... for resistance to borer have been observed. A high natural Ch~loinfestation IS found at several research stattons In India. At the ICRISAT slte, due to lack of uniform~ty,natural intestation has been discarded. Instead ICRISAT entomoloy~stshave developed an artificial diet giving recovery of 74% adu ...
... for resistance to borer have been observed. A high natural Ch~loinfestation IS found at several research stattons In India. At the ICRISAT slte, due to lack of uniform~ty,natural intestation has been discarded. Instead ICRISAT entomoloy~stshave developed an artificial diet giving recovery of 74% adu ...
1999 Dekkers: BREEDING IN THE 21st CENTURY
... evaluations, providing best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) of EBV for identified QTL and for the collective effect of polygenes. Kennedy et al (1992) suggested inclusion of genotype as a fixed effect in an animal model to estimate the effects of known genes, capitalizing on population-wide disequ ...
... evaluations, providing best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) of EBV for identified QTL and for the collective effect of polygenes. Kennedy et al (1992) suggested inclusion of genotype as a fixed effect in an animal model to estimate the effects of known genes, capitalizing on population-wide disequ ...
recommended breeding policy for the burmese
... breeding lies in the choice of the individual cats to be used and what the results are likely to be should these cats be mated with each other – these two acts should be given individual attention and considered as completely separate, although interconnected. Selection The phenotype of the individu ...
... breeding lies in the choice of the individual cats to be used and what the results are likely to be should these cats be mated with each other – these two acts should be given individual attention and considered as completely separate, although interconnected. Selection The phenotype of the individu ...
Selective Crossover in Genetic Algorithms: An Empirical Study
... explore the search space by evolving the dominance values – to determine and promote those genes which are considered fit. ‘Child 2’ is needed so that important information is not lost in early generations when there is more exploration than exploitation. That way if ‘Child 2’ was to produce an incr ...
... explore the search space by evolving the dominance values – to determine and promote those genes which are considered fit. ‘Child 2’ is needed so that important information is not lost in early generations when there is more exploration than exploitation. That way if ‘Child 2’ was to produce an incr ...
The Abyssinian Cavy - British Cavy Council
... Phil Riley and Andrew Sparkes. Between them they have accounted for nine of the last ten ACC Adult Stock Shows. In particular, Jackie has enjoyed considerable success in recent years, winning the last two Adult SSs, as well as Best in Show at a number of championship shows and, of course the 2002 Br ...
... Phil Riley and Andrew Sparkes. Between them they have accounted for nine of the last ten ACC Adult Stock Shows. In particular, Jackie has enjoyed considerable success in recent years, winning the last two Adult SSs, as well as Best in Show at a number of championship shows and, of course the 2002 Br ...
2n gametes in the potato: essential ingredients for breeding and
... 1997). We found a discrepancy between spindle anomalies and 2n pollen formation in diploid, triploid and pentaploid hybrids with different genetic backgrounds (Table 1). The diploid Solanum phureja-Solanum tubersoum-Solanum chacoense hybrids also segregated 1:1 for 2n pollen, even though they all ex ...
... 1997). We found a discrepancy between spindle anomalies and 2n pollen formation in diploid, triploid and pentaploid hybrids with different genetic backgrounds (Table 1). The diploid Solanum phureja-Solanum tubersoum-Solanum chacoense hybrids also segregated 1:1 for 2n pollen, even though they all ex ...
Widening the adaptation of white clover by incorporation of valuable
... adapted to semi-arid or dry, infertile soils and is susceptible to a wide array of pests. Searches for white clover populations with strong adaptations to such conditions have been unsuccessful. However, white clover and its progenitors and close relatives belong to a group that is undergoing adapti ...
... adapted to semi-arid or dry, infertile soils and is susceptible to a wide array of pests. Searches for white clover populations with strong adaptations to such conditions have been unsuccessful. However, white clover and its progenitors and close relatives belong to a group that is undergoing adapti ...
adapt1
... and metabolism and activity in the lab…, but do they choose areas that maintain their temp in this range? Go look in an environment with variable temps, and see if choice meets the adaptive expectation. ...
... and metabolism and activity in the lab…, but do they choose areas that maintain their temp in this range? Go look in an environment with variable temps, and see if choice meets the adaptive expectation. ...
Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Plant Breeding
... regulators, play an important role in reprogramming haploid cells from gametophytic to the sporophytic pathway. The requirements are species and genotype dependent and no universal protocol for in vitro gynogenesis exists. 3.2 Induction of paternal haploids - androgenesis Androgenesis is the process ...
... regulators, play an important role in reprogramming haploid cells from gametophytic to the sporophytic pathway. The requirements are species and genotype dependent and no universal protocol for in vitro gynogenesis exists. 3.2 Induction of paternal haploids - androgenesis Androgenesis is the process ...
Chapter 15
... • If you were a Guernsey breeder, what is the minimum weight your heifers should be before they’re breed? 675 pounds ...
... • If you were a Guernsey breeder, what is the minimum weight your heifers should be before they’re breed? 675 pounds ...
the Chinchilla - CAVIES magazine
... Chinchillas. I managed to get a PE White sow from Liz Miles and borrowed a White/lilac Argente boar from my friend Louise, and had my first litter of Silver Chinchillas born in 2007. I was also lucky to get hold of a lovely young PE White boar from Margaret Hooper and crossed him with my own Lemon/l ...
... Chinchillas. I managed to get a PE White sow from Liz Miles and borrowed a White/lilac Argente boar from my friend Louise, and had my first litter of Silver Chinchillas born in 2007. I was also lucky to get hold of a lovely young PE White boar from Margaret Hooper and crossed him with my own Lemon/l ...
INTEGRATING MULTIPLE EVOLUTIONARY
... The most direct way to slow inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is to support larger populations. Unfortunately, zoos are limited by resources and space, and the decision to devote more resources to one species means that others will suffer (Conway, 1986). Every captive species has a define ...
... The most direct way to slow inbreeding and the loss of genetic diversity is to support larger populations. Unfortunately, zoos are limited by resources and space, and the decision to devote more resources to one species means that others will suffer (Conway, 1986). Every captive species has a define ...
Directional selection can drive the evolution of
... first place, and what forces are responsible for keeping and/or changing modular patterns? We approached these questions using a quantitative genetics simulation framework, building on previous results obtained with bivariate systems and extending them to multivariate systems. We developed an indivi ...
... first place, and what forces are responsible for keeping and/or changing modular patterns? We approached these questions using a quantitative genetics simulation framework, building on previous results obtained with bivariate systems and extending them to multivariate systems. We developed an indivi ...
Bridging differences in concepts of selection between farmers
... between the selected parents and all individuals in the parental population before the parents were selected,=i(r, where /=selection intensity which depends on proportion of parent population selected, and cr = phenotypic standard deviation of parental population. Thus, artificial phenotypic selecti ...
... between the selected parents and all individuals in the parental population before the parents were selected,=i(r, where /=selection intensity which depends on proportion of parent population selected, and cr = phenotypic standard deviation of parental population. Thus, artificial phenotypic selecti ...
The evolutionary links between fixed and variable traits - AGRO
... increases the selection pressure for genetic canalization. Traits have to be produced in stably functioning combinations despite the shuffling of the genes. In a sexual population with no canalization and recombination among traits, every time a trait is expressed in a different individual it encoun ...
... increases the selection pressure for genetic canalization. Traits have to be produced in stably functioning combinations despite the shuffling of the genes. In a sexual population with no canalization and recombination among traits, every time a trait is expressed in a different individual it encoun ...
asian breeding policy - Maine Coon Breed Society
... the particles of pigment in the cat’s hair fibres. As a result, some parts of the hairs, individually too small to be seen with the naked eye, reflect white light, thus “diluting” the basic black to grey, usually referred to as blue. A similar effect changes red colouration to cream. Inhibitor (I) ...
... the particles of pigment in the cat’s hair fibres. As a result, some parts of the hairs, individually too small to be seen with the naked eye, reflect white light, thus “diluting” the basic black to grey, usually referred to as blue. A similar effect changes red colouration to cream. Inhibitor (I) ...
Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars in plants. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.There are two approaches or types of artificial selection, or selective breeding. First is the traditional ""breeder’s approach"" in which the breeder or experimenter applies ""a known amount of selection to a single phenotypic trait"" by examining the chosen trait and choosing to breed only those that exhibit higher or ""extreme values"" of that trait. The second is called ""controlled natural selection,"" which is essentially natural selection in a controlled environment. In this, the breeder does not choose which individuals being tested ""survive or reproduce,"" as he or she could in the traditional approach. There are also ""selection experiments,"" which is a third approach and these are conducted in order to determine the ""strength of natural selection in the wild."" However, this is more often an observational approach as opposed to an experimental approach. In animal breeding, techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed how selective breeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, On the Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selective breeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selective breeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.The deliberate exploitation of selective breeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.Selective breeding can be unintentional, e.g., resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce unintended – desirable or undesirable – results. For example, in some grains, an increase in seed size may have resulted from certain ploughing practices rather than from the intentional selection of larger seeds. Most likely, there has been an interdependence between natural and artificial factors that have resulted in plant domestication.