Download Cells Test Review Packet Key

Cells Test 1 Review Packet
1. List the 3 parts of the cell theory.
a. All living things are composed of cells
b. Cells are the basic units of structure & function in living things
c. All cells are produced from other cells
2. Who was the first person to see and describe a cell? Hooke
What was he looking at? cork
3. Name the scientists involved in developing the cell theory and how they contributed.
Schleiden - concluded all plants are made from cells
Schwann - concluded all animals are made from cells
Virchow - proposed that new cells form only from existing cells
4. Describe the difference between unicellular & multicellular organisms and how their
cells are different.
Unicellular organisms are made of a single cell. The cell must take care of all
functions necessary to keep the cell alive. Cells grow by increasing slightly in
size (size is limited by S-V ratio).
Multicellular organisms are made of many cells. These cells have specialized
functions (nerve, muscle, etc.) so they each do one type of job to benefit the
organism. These organisms grow by producing more cells.
5. What is an organelle? structures that allow a cell to live, grow & reproduce
6. Please list the functions of the following organelles:
Chloroplast- found in plants & algae, this organelle takes the energy from sunlight
and is used to make sugar through the process of photosynthesis
Mitochondria- makes the ATP through cellular respiration that the cell uses for
energy.
Cytoplasm- cellular fluid surrounding a cell’s organelles
Nucleolus- produces ribosomes
Nucleus- stores the cell’s DNA which stores the information for how to make proteins
Lysosome - digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, & foreign invaders
Ribosome- small organelles that make proteins from amino acids
Vacuole- large chamber to store water while supporting the cell in plant cells;
small in animal cells
Golgi apparatus- modifies & packages lipids & proteins for export from the cell.
7. List the organelles found only in a plant cell.
Cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts
What is the cell wall made of? Cellulose
8. Why is the ribosome’s job so important? Ribosomes produce proteins. Almost
everything that happens in a cell/organisms requires a protein
9. Describe the levels of organization in living things starting with the cell.
Cell – smallest unit of life, most cannot be seen without a microscope, living
things begin as single cells (Ex. Skin cell, blood cell)
Tissue - Group of cells that work together to perform a specific function in the
body (Ex. Muscle, nervous)
Organs - Two or more tissues working together to perform a specific job (Ex.
Heart, stomach)
Organ Systems - Organs working together to perform particular jobs (Ex.
Digestive system)
Organisms - Anything that can live on its own (Ex. human, dandelion, amoeba)
10. Define the following:
Atom – most basic unit of matter/smallest unit of an element
How many atoms form a water molecule? 3 (H2O – 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen
atom)
Element – pure sample of atoms of the same type (cannot be broken into
simpler substances)
How many elements make up a water molecule? 2 (hydrogen & oxygen)
Compound – combination of 2 or more elements
Organic Compound (give examples) – compounds containing carbon found in
living things such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Inorganic compound (give examples) – compounds that do not contain carbon that
may be found in living things such as water and salt
11. Describe how prokaryotic (bacterial) cells differ from eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
No Nucleus
No membrane-covered organelles
Circular DNA
Bacteria
Nucleus
Membrane-covered organelles
Linear DNA
All cells other than bacteria
12. Explain the similarities and differences in plant and animal cells.
The cells are similar and share most of the same organelles, like: nucleus, ER,
ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, mitochondria. However, plant
cells have a cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts used to make food for the
plant. Animal cells have small vacuoles, no chloroplasts, & no cell wall.
13. Explain how the nucleus controls what happens in a lysosome.
A lysosome contains special proteins (enzymes) that break down/recycle
materials (old cell parts, foreign invaders, waste). Ribosomes make proteins,
including those enzymes. The DNA stores the information that tells the
ribosomes which proteins to make and where they should go. The nucleus
contains the DNA.
14.
A) cell wall
B) large vacuole
C) chloroplast
D) cell membrane
E) cell wall
F) DNA (circular DNA)
G) Golgi apparatus
H) mitochondria
I) ER