* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Directed Reading B
Epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Oncogenomics wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Microsatellite wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: How DNA Works Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 1. How much DNA does a human cell contain? a. 30,000 m b. less than 1 m c. about 2 m d. more than 10 m UNRAVELING DNA 2. What is DNA often bundled into? a. proteins b. chromosomes c. bases d. traits 3. What is a string of nucleotides called? a. traits b. loops c. a cell d. a gene 4. How many chromosomes does a human cell have before dividing? a. unlimited b. 23 c. 46 d. 12 Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 11 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading B continued GENES AND PROTEINS Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 5. What do three bases form? a. DNA b. gene c. chromatin d. amino acid 6. What does each gene have instructions for making? a. a protein b. a cell c. an amino acid d. DNA Proteins and Traits 7. What do proteins act as? a. organisms b. bases c. codes d. chemical triggers and messengers Help from RNA 8. What other type of molecule helps make proteins? a. RAD b. RNA c. DNR d. DTR Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 12 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading B continued The Making of a Protein Read the words in the box. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. ribosome transfer RNA messenger RNA 9. A mirrorlike copy of a DNA segment is called ______________________. 10. The RNA copy goes through a protein assembly line called a ______________________. 11. The message is translated by ______________________ and a protein is made. CHANGES IN GENES Mutations Circle the letter of the best answer for the question. 12. Changes in the bases of DNA are called what? a. extras b. roller coasters c. accidents d. mutations Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 13 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading B continued Read the words in the box. Read the sentences. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. deletion substitution insertion 13. When a base is left out, the change is called a(n) ______________________. 14. When an extra base is added, the change is called a(n) ______________________. 15. When the wrong base is used, the change is called a(n) ______________________. Do Mutations Matter? Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 16. Which of these does not result from mutation? a. an improvement b. a harmful change c. cell repair d. no change How Do Mutations Happen? 17. What is one way mutations happen? a. because of ribosomes b. because DNA wears out c. because of random errors d. because of sugars Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 14 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading B continued Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 18. What are agents that might damage DNA called? a. ribosomes b. mutagens c. generations d. regulations AN EXAMPLE OF SUBSTITUTION 19. What can a mutation produce? a. a bad sunburn b. transfer RNA c. the wrong protein d. cigarette smoke 20. What is caused by of a substitution mutation? a. blue eyes b. sickle cell disease c. height d. red hair USES OF GENETIC KNOWLEDGE Genetic Engineering 21. What is it called when scientists change an organism’s genes? a. DNA fingerprinting b. genetic engineering c. genetics d. transfer RNA Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 15 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Directed Reading B continued Circle the letter of the best answer for each question. 22. What happened when scientists added a firefly gene to a plant? a. The firefly glowed. b. The plant died. c. The plant glowed. d. The plant vanished. Genetic Identification 23. How are the unique patterns in DNA identified? a. DNA fingerprinting b. genetic engineering c. genetics d. transfer RNA 24. What is an organism that has an exact copy of another’s DNA called? a. a twin b. a brother or sister c. a clone d. a child Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 16 Genes and DNA