Download Biology and Society, Exam II

Biology and Society, Exam II
Name ____________________________
There are 50 multiple choice questions. Answer A for true, B for false.
Write your NAME on the scantron and above, and ID NUMBER in the “identification number” blank on the scantron. Choose the best
answer to each question. Be careful, because some incorrect answers may be true statements, but do not answer the question. Make sure
that you fill in one and only one scantron bubble for each question. If you feel a question or the answer options are ambiguous, please
ask me to clarify during the exam. If you have objections following the exam, we can look at your reasoning.
1. Homeostasis is
A) the sum total of the chemical reactions that convert
energy in an organism.
B) the ability of an organism to regulate its
internal environment.
C) an organism’s ability to grow.
D) the ability of an organism to reproduce itself.
6. What kind of a molecule is shown below?
2. Which of the following is a prokaryote?
A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
B) Horse
C) Human
D) Tree
A) Carbohydrate
B) Lipid
C) Protein
D) Nucleic acid
3. Which of the following is NOT part of prokaryotic
cells?
A) DNA
B) Ribosomes
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
E) Plasma membrane
8. Plants sometimes need nitrogen fertilizer, because
they cannot get enough nitrogen from the soil. Why
do they need this fertilizer?
A) It is turned into ATP in their cells.
B) It is an essential component of the lipids stored in
their seeds.
C) It is a component of DNA.
D) It is stored as starch.
4. Which of the following acts as a “postal service”
for the eukaryotic cell?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) Mitochondria
C) Lysosome
D) Ribosome
E) Chloroplast
9. Which of the following is a type of lipid or is
composed of lipids?
A) Oils
B) Cholesterol
C) Triglycerides
D) Plasma membrane
E) All of the above
5. Which of the following is NOT found in your cells?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Lysosome
C) Ribosome
D) Golgi apparatus
E) Chloroplast
12. Cis and trans fats differ in their
A) Number of carbons.
B) Ability to dissolve in water
C) Number of fatty acids.
D) Orientation of hydrogen atoms around the
double bonds.
7. True/False: Fats have more calories than sugars,
because they have more C-C bonds.
15. Simple sugars are to starch as _________ are to
protein.
A) Oils
B) Amino acids
C) Fatty acids
D) Nucleotides
E) Codons
10. True/False: Cholesterol can play beneficial roles
in your body.
11. True/False: Plant oils solidify after they are
hydrogenated because they have fewer hydrogens.
13. A new medicine is created that will prevent the
body from digesting any trans fats in the diet. This
would most likely lead to:
A) A decrease in the amount of HDL in the
bloodstream.
B) An increase in the amount of bad cholesterol in the
bloodstream.
C) A decrease in the amount of LDL in the
bloodstream.
D) A decrease in the amount of good cholesterol in
the bloodstream.
22. Which of the following is NOT a way in which
DNA is different from RNA?
A) The nitrogenous bases.
B) The number of strands.
C) The kind of sugar in the sugar-phosphate
backbone.
D) All of the above are ways in which they differ.
14. Enzymes are made up of
A) sugars
B) lipids
C) amino acids
D) nucleotides
E) none of the above
24. Which is the correct order of events during gene
expression?
A) DNA is used to make protein, which is used to
make RNA.
B) DNA is used to make RNA, which is used to
make protein.
C) RNA is used to make protein, which is used to
make DNA.
D) Protein is used to make DNA, which is used to
make RNA.
16. Digestion
A) Occurs when large molecules are broken down
into smaller ones.
B) Occurs when sugars are converted into ATP.
C) Occurs in the mitochondria.
D) None of the above.
17. True/False: Some people are unable to digest
dairy products because their DNA does not contain
the proper gene. (Hint: think about what comes from
genes).
23. True/False: If DNA nucleotides could not base
pair with one another, both transcription and
translation would be impossible.
Use the terms below to answer questions 25-26:
A) mRNAs
B) Ribosomes
C) tRNAs
D) RNA polymerases
E) amino acids
25. __________ have anticodons
18. Gas is produced in your intestines, because
A) Your body makes special enzymes that produce a
lot of gas.
B) Your body cannot digest all of the food that you
eat.
C) Other organisms in your body produce enzymes to
digest the food that your body does not break down.
D) B and C
E) All of the above.
19. You eat a juicy steak for lunch. Which of the
following will that steak become in your body?
A) ATP
B) Hormones
C) Plasma membrane
D) Enzymes
E) All of the above
20. True/False: Body Mass Index takes into account
the amount of muscle versus fat that you have on your
body.
21. True/False: The information in the DNA molecule
can be read in its sugar-phosphate backbone.
26. __________ are enzymes involved in transcription
27. True/False: A genetic mutation of a single
nucleotide will always result in a different amino acid.
28. What mRNA sequence would the DNA sequence
AGTCCG code for?
A) UCAGGC
B) TCAGGC
C) Ile Ser
D) ACAUUA
E) Ser Gly
29. One codon of an mRNA reads GUA, which
specifies valine. If a mutation changes the first
nucleotide of the DNA coding for this RNA to an A,
use the genetic code to determine what amino acid
will be put in after the mutation.
A) leucine (Leu)
B) valine (Val)
C) aspartate (Asp)
D) histidine (His)
30. Which amino acid would a tRNA with an
anticodon of ACC bring in?
A) Serine (Ser)
B) Threonine (Thr)
C) Asparagine (Asn)
D) Phenylalanine (Phe)
E) Tryptophan (Trp)
31. Why do genetic mutations often lead to a disease?
A) Protein can no longer be synthesized from the
DNA.
B) A change in amino acid sequence can change
protein shape.
C) The mutant DNA itself directly interferes with the
organism’s normal functioning.
D) Genetic mutations are usually beneficial and lead
to development of time-traveling capabilities.
32. What causes cystic fibrosis?
A) Large-scale alteration of hundreds of DNA
nucleotides.
B) Alteration of a single amino acid in a protein.
C) Exposure to dangerous levels of air pollution.
D) A change in the shape of DNA’s sugar-phosphate
backbone.
33. What could a farmer inject into her cow in order to
genetically engineer it?
A) Bacteria
B) Proteins
C) DNA
D) Milk
E) Restriction enzymes
34. True/False: Bacteria are able to follow DNA
instructions from a cow, because the same mRNA
codons code for the same amino acids in bacteria as
they do in cows.
35. A scientist is trying to insert a human gene into
bacteria, and accidentally uses effective, but different
restriction enzymes on the human gene and than he
does on the plasmid. What will most likely happen?
A) The bacteria will not take up the plasmid.
B) The human DNA will not be cut apart by the
restriction enzyme.
C) The restriction enzymes will not be able to cut
open the plasmid.
D) The plasmid will not contain the human gene.
36. When genetically engineering bacteria, what is the
“vehicle” that the gene is transferred in?
A) Plasmid
B) Restriction enzyme
C) Hummer H3
D) Ribosome
37. True/False: Restriction enzymes cut DNA at
totally random sequences.
38. Which of the following might be obstacles to
widespread human gene therapy?
A) Figuring out what gene causes a disease.
B) Determining how a protein has malfunctioned.
C) Delivering the functional gene to where it is
needed in the body.
D) All of these could be obstacles.
39. Which of the following is NOT part of the process
of using Agrobacterium tumefaciens to genetically
engineer plants with desirable traits?
A) Restriction enzymes cut open the Ti plasmid in the
T-DNA region.
B) The plant cells take up the Ti plasmid.
C) Agrobacterium infects plant wounds.
D) The T-DNA is incorporated into the plant
chromosome.
40. Agrobacterium tumefaciens carries the Ti plasmid.
Why doesn’t it produce food in response to the genes
that it carries? (From lab information)
A) Agrobacterium does not contain ribosomes, and so
cannot make proteins.
B) The same gene makes a different protein in the
bacteria than it does in the plant.
C) The bacterial RNA polymerase does not
recognize the promoter for the gene, but the plant
RNA polymerase does.
D) The gene for food production is not present on the
Ti plasmid.
41. True/False: Genetically-engineered foods may be
harmful to humans, because the foreign genes may
become inserted into our own DNA.
42. True/False: Scientists can predict exactly what
will happen when a genetically-engineered organism
is released into the environment.
43. Which of the following is NOT a potential
problem with genetically-modified organisms?
A) Effects on non-target organisms.
B) Pesticide-resistant organisms are more likely to be
successful.
C) People could be changed into half human-half
lizard and use their abilities for crime.
D) Genetically-modified organisms may outcompete
native organisms if they escape into the wild.
44. Which of the following is NOT true of stem cells?
A) They can divide indefinitely.
B) They are capable of turning into many different
kinds of cells.
C) They may be able to repair damaged tissues.
D) They can be used to synthesize proteins
important in medicine.
E) They are present in adults.
45. True/False: Therapeutic cloning could be used in
order to harvest genetically-matched embryonic stem
cells.
46. True/False: Both somatic cell nuclear transfer and
forcing adult stem cells to differentiate into multiple
cell types are problematic, because the cells are not
properly reprogrammed.
47. Which of the following is true of adult stem cells?
A) They are easy to keep alive in the lab indefinitely.
B) They are difficult to isolate from other cells in the
body.
C) Research on them is the subject of tight federal
regulation.
D) They can develop into any different type of cell in
the body.
48. Reproductive cloning is different than therapeutic
in that reproductive cloning
A) Uses eggs.
B) Uses fertilized embryos.
C) Can produce an embryo with stem cells.
D) Produces fully-developed organisms.
49. True/False: During therapeutic cloning, scientists
use embryos left over from in vitro fertilizations.
50. How is reproductively cloning a sheep different
than genetically engineering a sheep?
A) In genetic engineering, you insert new DNA into
an egg cell; in cloning, you don’t.
B) In cloning, you remove the true nucleus of the
egg cell; in genetic engineering, you don’t.
C) In reproductive cloning, you implant the altered
embryo into a surrogate mother; in genetic
engineering, you don’t.
D) In cloning, you harvest stem cells; in genetic
engineering, you don’t.