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Transcript
Cell Structure and Function Animal Cell Plant Cell Cells • Smallest unit of life • Most are microscopic Cell Membrane • Surrounds cell and contains cell contents • Double layer of phospholipids & proteins Cell Wall • Found in plants cell • Surrounds cell membrane; gives support and structure Cytoplasm • Jelly-like substance that contains organelles Nucleus • Control center of cell • Double membrane • Contains DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum • Helps move substances within cells • Network of interconnected membranes • Two types – Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes are attached) – Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (no ribosomes) Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole • Membrane bound storage sacs • Plants cells have one large vacuole, while animal cells have many small ones • Vacuoles can contain: – Water – Food – waste Mitochondria • Break down fuel molecules (from photosynthesis) • Release energy – ATP (cellular respiration) Chloroplast • Contains chlorophyll-a pigment that captures energy from sunlight • Uses the energy from sunlight and the process of photosynthesis to create food for plants Ribosome • Found in the cytoplasm and on rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Makes proteins for the cell using amino acids Stop At This Point Principles of Cell Theory • All living things are made of cells • Smallest living unit is the cell • All cells arise from preexisting cells (this principle discarded the idea of spontaneous generation) Cell Types • Prokaryotic • Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Cells • First cell type on earth • Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea Prokaryotic Cells • No membrane bound nucleus • Nucleoid = region of DNA concentration • Organelles not bound by membranes Eukaryotic Cells • Nucleus bound by membrane • Include fungi, protists, plant, and animal cells • Possess many organelles