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Cell Structure and
Function
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cells
• Smallest unit of life
• Most are microscopic
Cell Membrane
• Surrounds cell and contains cell
contents
• Double layer of phospholipids &
proteins
Cell Wall
• Found in plants cell
• Surrounds cell membrane; gives
support and structure
Cytoplasm
• Jelly-like substance that contains
organelles
Nucleus
• Control center of
cell
• Double membrane
• Contains DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Helps move substances within cells
• Network of interconnected
membranes
• Two types
– Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(ribosomes are attached)
– Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (no
ribosomes)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vacuole
• Membrane bound storage sacs
• Plants cells have one large
vacuole, while animal cells have
many small ones
• Vacuoles can contain:
– Water
– Food
– waste
Mitochondria
• Break down fuel molecules (from
photosynthesis)
• Release energy
– ATP (cellular respiration)
Chloroplast
• Contains chlorophyll-a pigment that
captures energy from sunlight
• Uses the energy from sunlight and the
process of photosynthesis to create
food for plants
Ribosome
• Found in the cytoplasm and on rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Makes proteins for the cell using amino
acids
Stop At This Point
Principles of Cell Theory
• All living things are made of cells
• Smallest living unit is the cell
• All cells arise from preexisting
cells
(this principle discarded the idea of
spontaneous generation)
Cell Types
• Prokaryotic
• Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic Cells
• First cell type on earth
• Cell type of Bacteria and Archaea
Prokaryotic Cells
• No membrane bound nucleus
• Nucleoid = region of DNA
concentration
• Organelles not bound by membranes
Eukaryotic Cells
• Nucleus bound by membrane
• Include fungi, protists, plant, and
animal cells
• Possess many organelles