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Transcript
ffi E ln your exercise book, copy and match the words to the definitions. o) ó) EI True or false? Discuss these statements with a partner: a) The biochemical reactions necessary for life occur in the cytoplasm. membrane bJ Reproduction is the formation of new cells that come from a process of interaction with each other. cytoplasm <,1 metabolism c) d,l excretion When cells react to changes in the environment, they move. e,l abiotic f/ M A biotic 1. process of expelling waste products from a cell 2. thin layer that forms a boundary around a cell 3. related to living things 4. process of transforming nutrients into energy 5. related to non-living things 6. substance in the cell containing molecules ln your exercise book, copy and complete the text. Then listen and check your answers. Cellular metabolism consists of all the reactions undergo inside the cells. This activity is vital to survive because it provides the needed for the cell to perform other functions. that for the - III What is the difference between an ecosystem and E ln your exercise book, write a short text that includes your answers to these questions: a) When were cells first observed? á/ Who first recorded these observations? IEI ln your exercise book, copy and complete the table with the words below. i s m, popu I ati on, biosphe re, the Earth, the Amazon rainforest, muscle cell, herd of elephants, snake, oLqanisms in a forest ecosyste m, co m mu nity, cell, org an c) How was it possible to see such small objects? d/ What type of cell was studied? e,l Why was the name tell'given to the discovery? El ln your exercise book, copy and correct the mistakes in the sentences. a) All living things have more than one cell. b/ Cells are complicated organisms. c) New cells come from outside an organism. d/ Cells in a multicellular organism function completely independently of each other. E ln your exercise book, list the parts of a cell that are common to all cells. Level (from smallest to largest) fEI Look on the lnternet and find information about viruses. Are they abiotic or biotic? Classify the phrases below using these three headings: a) b) Viruses c, Both viruses and organisms a,l lf there wasn't genetic material in a cell, lf the cell membrane broke, cJ lf the cell membrane was an impermeable barrier, 1. nutrients wouldn't be able to enter the cell and waste couldn't be excreted, so the cell couldn't survive. there would be no coordination of the cellular activity and the cell could not survive. 3. the cytoplasm and its contents would be lost and the cellwould die. E Human red blood cells do not have genetic material. ,Vhat consequences does this have for these cellsT Organisms I I I I I I r I I ln your exercise book, copy and match the two halves of the sentences. 2. Example cell Z b/ a community? W A a) b/ Cannot reproduce outside a host cell Do not respond to stimuli Do not consume energy Reproduce by cell division Have DNA Do not contain cells Respond to stimuli Have no nucleus Can be many different shapes Listen and answer the questions. What are macromolecules? What are biological macromolecules? cells [fl E A Listen and repeat the words. ln your exercise book, copy and match them to the words below. o/ prokaryotic ó) cell ln your exercise book, copy these sentences and choose the correct option. Then listen and check your answers. a) membrane ó/ 2. cell 3. reproduction 4. reticulum 5. vesicle Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that produce nutrients / energy. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have fherr own d) the same genetic information. Mitochondria / chloroplasts are found in all eukaryotic cells. Look at the diagrams of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell on page 70. ln your exercise book, copy and complete the table with three differences and three similarities. Prokaryotic cells Genetic material freely Eukaryotic cells floats Differences Genetic material is found _ e/ Thylakoids are sacs which contain chtorophylt chloroplasts. f) Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts mitochondria. Contain genet¡c material Contain genetic material __'- / / EII What are the different mechanisms used by some cells that allow them to move? EEI yy6u¡ similarities i-r / c,) lnside mitochondria / chloroplasts we can find cristae. IEI a, the function of the centriole in: the movement of cells? á) cell reproduction? is EEtr Use the lnternet to do some research about pseudopods. Then answer these questions with a partner: a) What is a pseudopod? l_;, IZ Listen and say which organelle is being described. Then describe a cellular organelle to a partner. Can he or she guess what you are describing? W A c/ endoplasmic d/ lysosome e) nuclear l. ¡trl E iil- Which organelle is this? What is irs funct¡on? á,1 How do they move? c) What types of organism or cell use this form of Iocomotion? Find an image of a cell that produces pseudopods and copy it into your exercise book. W A ln your exercise book, copy and match the parts a nucleus to the definitions. Then listen and check your answers. E A Copy the text in your exercise book. Then listen and fill in the gaps. The system of organelles that process nutrients is made up of _- with membranes. They work together to ct'assrTy and.store in processes such as digestion and osmosis. The endoplasmic _, _ and molecules. Lysosomes digest old cell parts and microorganisms. store substances such as or waste until they are processed or needed. nutrients, _ of a/ nucleoplasm b/ external membrane c/ nucleolus d) chromatin eJ Pore f - ót Itor la.rror af f ha n' '-la' r 2. semi-liquid substance inside the nucleus 3. genetic material composed of DNA and proteins 4. small hole which allows the nucleus to interact with the cytoplasm 5. structure that synthesises ribosomes to pass on genetic information cells l§ B Look at the illustrations below and answer the :¡estions in your exercise book. AB b) chromosomes move to the middle of the cell r) daughter nuclei form d) the nuclear membrane disappears e) the nucleus is formed again f/ the chromosomes divide into chromatids g) the mitotic spindle is formed á/ the chromatids change to chromatin i/ j) the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres the spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell. EEI ln your exercise book, copy and complete the table for a cell with ten chromosomes. a/ What is the process when cytoplasm divides in a cell? á/ Which cells are animal cells? Which cells are plant cells? c) COpv and match these sentences to A or B r f EI Number of cells produced Number of chromatids in each chromosome during the ln this process a wall is formed that separates the cytoplasm. anaphase ln this process the cytoplasm becomes thinner and Number of chromosomes at each spindle pole during the then separates. anaphase Discuss these questions with a partner: aJ ln which kinds of tissue can we find many cells in the EE the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid? At what stage of mitosis are there chromatids in a cell? And when are there chromosomes? is W A ln your exercise book, copy and complete the text with the words below. Then listen and check your answers. ¡nterphase, mitosis, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclei, chromosomes lril tili rj 'il, l,ll l;ll Answer the questions in your exercise book. A species has 20 chromosomes in its diploid (2n) cells. process of mitosis? bJ What ¡rl a) How many chromosomes will a cell have during the prophase ll in meiosis? b) How many chromosomes will a cell have during the metaphase I in meiosis? Elü In your exercise book, copy the definitions and write the word they define. aJ female gametes The is begins the condenses creating At the end of the process two identical When - found inside the nucleus during are formed. - Eil ln your exercise book, order these words to complete the definition of a chromosome: cell, nucleus, a chromosome, in the, structure, is a, and protein, eukaryotic, of DNA, of a, that is found EA A ln your exercise book, name and order the four main stages of mitosis.Then listen and repeat the answer. rtr wrlrtrl srage ob rtle crlromosomes sprlt thro rwoa EFI In your exercise book, match the events to the four stages of mitosis. a) chromosomes are formed b/ event in meiosis when homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material c) cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes d) cell with a complete set of paired chromosomes fl Discuss these questions with a partner: 'What are the similarities and differences between the following stages in cell division?' a) Prophase I / Prophase ll in meiosis &) Anaphase in mitosis / Anaphase I in meiosis c, Metapnase tn mttosrs / Metaphase ll in metosts W A Listen and answer the question. 'lmmediately after the telophase, a cell cannot begin new prophase of mitosis. Why?' a cells [[