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ln your exercise book, copy and match the words to
the definitions.
o)
ó)
EI
True or false? Discuss these statements with a partner:
a)
The biochemical reactions necessary for life occur in
the cytoplasm.
membrane
bJ Reproduction
is the formation of new cells that come
from a process of interaction with each other.
cytoplasm
<,1 metabolism
c)
d,l excretion
When cells react to changes in the environment, they
move.
e,l abiotic
f/
M A
biotic
1. process of expelling waste products from a cell
2. thin layer that forms a boundary around a cell
3. related to living things
4. process of transforming nutrients into energy
5. related to non-living things
6. substance in the cell containing molecules
ln your exercise book, copy and complete the text.
Then listen and check your answers.
Cellular metabolism consists of all the
reactions
undergo inside the cells. This activity is vital
to survive because it provides the
needed for the cell to perform other functions.
that
for the
-
III
What is the difference between an ecosystem and
E
ln your exercise book, write a short text that includes
your answers to these questions:
a) When were cells first observed?
á/ Who first recorded these observations?
IEI
ln your exercise book, copy and complete the table
with the words below.
i s m, popu I ati on, biosphe re,
the Earth, the Amazon rainforest, muscle cell,
herd of elephants, snake, oLqanisms in a forest
ecosyste m, co m mu nity, cell, org an
c) How was it possible to see such small objects?
d/
What type of cell was studied?
e,l Why was the name tell'given to the discovery?
El
ln your exercise book, copy and correct the mistakes in
the sentences.
a) All living things have more than one cell.
b/ Cells are complicated organisms.
c) New cells come from outside an organism.
d/ Cells in a multicellular organism function completely
independently of each other.
E
ln your exercise book, list the parts of a cell that are
common to all cells.
Level
(from smallest to largest)
fEI
Look on the lnternet and find information about
viruses. Are they abiotic or biotic? Classify the phrases
below using these three headings:
a)
b)
Viruses
c,
Both viruses and organisms
a,l lf there wasn't genetic material in a cell,
lf the cell membrane broke,
cJ lf the cell membrane was an impermeable barrier,
1. nutrients wouldn't be able to enter the cell and waste
couldn't be excreted, so the cell couldn't survive.
there would be no coordination of the cellular activity
and the cell could not survive.
3. the cytoplasm
and its contents would be lost and the
cellwould die.
E
Human red blood cells do not have genetic material.
,Vhat consequences does this have for these cellsT
Organisms
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ln your exercise book, copy and match the two halves
of the sentences.
2.
Example
cell
Z
b/
a
community?
W A
a)
b/
Cannot reproduce outside a host cell
Do not respond to stimuli
Do not consume energy
Reproduce by cell division
Have DNA
Do not contain cells
Respond to stimuli
Have no nucleus
Can be many different shapes
Listen and answer the questions.
What are macromolecules?
What are biological macromolecules?
cells
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E A
Listen and repeat the words. ln your exercise book,
copy and match them to the words below.
o/
prokaryotic
ó)
cell
ln your exercise book, copy these sentences and
choose the correct option. Then listen and check your
answers.
a)
membrane
ó/
2. cell
3. reproduction
4. reticulum
5. vesicle
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are organelles that
produce nutrients / energy.
Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have fherr
own
d)
the same genetic information.
Mitochondria / chloroplasts are found in all eukaryotic
cells.
Look at the diagrams of a prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell on page 70. ln your exercise book, copy and complete
the table with three differences and three similarities.
Prokaryotic
cells
Genetic material
freely
Eukaryotic cells
floats
Differences
Genetic material is
found
_
e/
Thylakoids are sacs which contain chtorophylt
chloroplasts.
f)
Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts
mitochondria.
Contain genet¡c
material
Contain genetic
material
__'-
/
/
EII
What are the different mechanisms used by some cells
that allow them to move?
EEI yy6u¡
similarities i-r
/
c,) lnside mitochondria / chloroplasts we can find cristae.
IEI
a,
the function of the centriole in:
the movement of cells?
á)
cell reproduction?
is
EEtr Use the lnternet to do some research about
pseudopods. Then answer these questions with a partner:
a) What is a pseudopod?
l_;,
IZ
Listen and say which organelle is being described.
Then describe a cellular organelle to a partner. Can he or
she guess what you are describing?
W A
c/ endoplasmic
d/ lysosome
e) nuclear
l.
¡trl E
iil-
Which organelle is this? What is irs funct¡on?
á,1 How do they move?
c) What types
of organism or cell use this form of
Iocomotion?
Find an image of a cell that produces pseudopods and
copy it into your exercise book.
W A
ln your exercise book, copy and match the parts
a nucleus to the definitions. Then listen and check your
answers.
E A
Copy the text in your exercise book. Then listen and
fill in the gaps.
The system of organelles that process nutrients is made
up of
_-
with membranes. They work together to
ct'assrTy
and.store
in processes such as
digestion and osmosis. The endoplasmic
_,
_
and
molecules. Lysosomes digest
old cell parts and
microorganisms.
store substances such as
or waste until they are processed or
needed.
nutrients,
_
of
a/ nucleoplasm
b/ external membrane
c/ nucleolus
d) chromatin
eJ Pore
f - ót Itor la.rror af
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ha n' '-la' r
2. semi-liquid substance inside the nucleus
3. genetic material composed of DNA and proteins
4. small hole which allows the nucleus to interact with
the cytoplasm
5.
structure that synthesises ribosomes to pass on
genetic information
cells
l§
B
Look at the illustrations below and answer the
:¡estions in your exercise book.
AB
b)
chromosomes move to the middle of the cell
r)
daughter nuclei form
d) the nuclear membrane disappears
e) the nucleus is formed again
f/
the chromosomes divide into chromatids
g) the mitotic spindle is formed
á/ the chromatids change to chromatin
i/
j)
the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibres
the spindle fibres pull the chromosomes to opposite
poles of the cell.
EEI ln your exercise book, copy and complete the table for
a cell with ten chromosomes.
a/ What is the process when cytoplasm divides in a cell?
á/ Which cells are animal cells? Which cells are plant cells?
c) COpv and match these sentences to A or B
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Number of cells
produced
Number of chromatids in each
chromosome during the
ln this process a wall is formed that separates the
cytoplasm.
anaphase
ln this process the cytoplasm becomes thinner and
Number of chromosomes at
each spindle pole during the
then separates.
anaphase
Discuss these questions with a partner:
aJ ln which kinds of tissue can we find many cells in the
EE
the difference between a chromosome and a
chromatid? At what stage of mitosis are there
chromatids in a cell? And when are there chromosomes?
is
W A
ln your exercise book, copy and complete the text
with the words below. Then listen and check your answers.
¡nterphase, mitosis, chromatin, nucleolus, nuclei, chromosomes
lril
tili
rj
'il,
l,ll
l;ll
Answer the questions in your exercise book.
A species has 20 chromosomes in its diploid (2n) cells.
process of mitosis?
bJ What
¡rl
a)
How many chromosomes will a cell have during the
prophase ll in meiosis?
b)
How many chromosomes will a cell have during the
metaphase I in meiosis?
Elü
In your exercise book, copy the definitions and write
the word they define.
aJ female gametes
The
is
begins the
condenses creating
At the end of the process two identical
When
-
found inside the nucleus during
are formed.
-
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ln your exercise book, order these words to complete
the definition of a chromosome:
cell, nucleus, a chromosome, in the, structure, is a,
and protein, eukaryotic, of DNA, of a, that is found
EA A
ln your exercise book, name and order the four
main stages of mitosis.Then listen and repeat the answer.
rtr wrlrtrl srage ob rtle crlromosomes sprlt thro rwoa
EFI
In your exercise book, match the events to the four
stages of mitosis.
a)
chromosomes are formed
b/ event in meiosis
when homologous chromosomes
exchange genetic material
c) cell with a single set of unpaired chromosomes
d) cell with a complete set of paired chromosomes
fl
Discuss these questions with a partner:
'What are the similarities and differences between the
following stages in cell division?'
a)
Prophase
I
/
Prophase ll in meiosis
&) Anaphase in mitosis / Anaphase I in meiosis
c, Metapnase tn mttosrs / Metaphase ll in metosts
W A
Listen and answer the question.
'lmmediately after the telophase, a cell cannot begin
new prophase of mitosis. Why?'
a
cells
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